e2e.sh

#!/bin/bash

# End-to-end testing script for GitHub Agentic Workflows
# This script triggers all test workflows and validates their outcomes
#
# Usage: ./e2e.sh [OPTIONS]
#
# This script will:
# 1. Check prerequisites (gh CLI, authentication, gh-aw binary)
# 2. Enable workflows before testing them
# 3. Trigger workflows using "gh aw run" 
# 4. Wait for completion and validate outcomes
# 5. Disable workflows after testing
# 6. Generate comprehensive test report
# 7. Optionally clean up test resources
#
# Test Types:
# - workflow_dispatch: Direct trigger tests (create issues, PRs, code scanning alerts, etc.)
# - issue-triggered: Tests triggered by creating issues with specific titles
# - command-triggered: Tests triggered by posting commands in issue comments  
# - PR-triggered: Tests triggered by creating pull requests
#
# Options:
#   --dry-run                  Show what would be tested without running
#   --use-samples              Use declared samples for more deterministic testing
#   --verbose, -v              Stream build/compile/version diagnostics to stdout
#   --help, -h                 Show help message
#
# Examples:
#   ./e2e.sh                               # Run all tests
#   ./e2e.sh --dry-run                     # See what would be tested
#
# Prerequisites:
#   - GitHub CLI (gh) installed and authenticated
#   - gh-aw binary built (run 'make build')
#   - Proper repository permissions for creating issues/PRs
#   - Internet access for GitHub API calls

set -uo pipefail  # Removed -e to allow test failures without stopping the script

# Error Handling Strategy:
# - Individual test failures are tracked but don't stop the overall test suite
# - Polling timeouts are handled gracefully and recorded as test failures  
# - Critical prerequisite failures (like missing gh CLI) still exit immediately
# - Cleanup operations continue even if some steps fail

# Colors and emojis for output
RED='\033[0;31m'
GREEN='\033[0;32m'
YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
BLUE='\033[0;34m'
PURPLE='\033[0;35m'
CYAN='\033[0;36m'
NC='\033[0m' # No Color

# Test results tracking
declare -a PASSED_TESTS=()
declare -a FAILED_TESTS=()
declare -a SKIPPED_TESTS=()
declare -A TEST_RUN_URLS=()  # maps test name -> actions run URL (when available)
declare -A FINAL_RUN_URLS=()  # populated in parent during batch result reading
RUN_PASSES_FILE="${E2E_RUN_PASSES_FILE:-passes.txt}"
RUN_FAILURES_FILE="${E2E_RUN_FAILURES_FILE:-}"
RUN_STARTED_AT=$(date -u '+%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')

# Parallel execution settings
BATCH_SIZE=15
NO_PARALLEL=false

# Lock file for synchronized result tracking across parallel processes
RESULTS_LOCK="/tmp/e2e-results-$$.lock"

# File listing workflows that failed to compile (set in check_prerequisites).
# Subprocesses read this to skip dispatch and immediately record FAIL.
COMPILE_FAILED_FILE=""

# Global tracking of workflows that need to be disabled
# This is used by the trap handler to ensure cleanup on early exit
declare -a GLOBAL_WORKFLOWS_TO_DISABLE=()
GLOBAL_WORKFLOWS_LOCK="/tmp/e2e-workflows-$$.lock"

# Workflows that must NEVER be disabled by the runner. These are the CI/infra
# workflows (the nightly E2E matrix in particular) that need to stay enabled so
# their `schedule:` triggers keep firing. `disable_all_workflows_before_testing`
# disables every active workflow before a run, so without this allow-list it
# would turn off the very workflow that invokes it in CI, killing nightly runs.
# Names must match the `name:` field of the workflow as reported by
# `gh workflow list`.
declare -a NEVER_DISABLE_WORKFLOWS=(
    "e2e"
    "Suggest New E2E Tests"
)

# Returns 0 (true) if the given workflow name is on the never-disable list.
is_protected_workflow() {
    local name="$1"
    local protected
    for protected in "${NEVER_DISABLE_WORKFLOWS[@]}"; do
        [[ "$name" == "$protected" ]] && return 0
    done
    return 1
}

# Record a test pass: update arrays, write the current-run result, and remove from fails.txt
record_test_pass() {
    local test_name="$1"
    PASSED_TESTS+=("$test_name")
    # Write the current-run result with run ID (same format as fails.txt)
    local _url="${FINAL_RUN_URLS[$test_name]:-${TEST_RUN_URLS[$test_name]:-}}"
    local _run_id=""
    if [[ -n "$_url" ]]; then
        _run_id="${_url##*/}"
    fi
    if [[ -n "$_run_id" ]]; then
        echo "$test_name $_run_id" >> "$RUN_PASSES_FILE"
    else
        echo "$test_name" >> "$RUN_PASSES_FILE"
    fi
    # Remove the test from fails.txt if present
    if [[ -f "fails.txt" ]]; then
        local _tmp
        _tmp=$(grep -v "^${test_name} \|^${test_name}$" "fails.txt" 2>/dev/null || true)
        if [[ -n "$_tmp" ]]; then
            echo "$_tmp" > "fails.txt"
        else
            rm -f "fails.txt"
        fi
    fi
}

record_test_skip() {
    local test_name="$1"
    local reason="$2"
    warning "Skipping '$test_name': $reason"
    (
        flock -x 200
        echo "$test_name|SKIP" >> "$RESULTS_FILE"
    ) 200>"$RESULTS_LOCK"
}

# Record a test failure: update arrays and add/append to fails.txt
record_test_fail() {
    local test_name="$1"
    FAILED_TESTS+=("$test_name")
    # Look up the run ID
    local _url="${FINAL_RUN_URLS[$test_name]:-${TEST_RUN_URLS[$test_name]:-}}"
    local _run_id=""
    if [[ -n "$_url" ]]; then
        _run_id="${_url##*/}"
    fi
    if [[ -z "$_run_id" ]]; then
        local _wf="${test_name}.lock.yml"
        _run_id=$(gh run list \
            --repo "$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME" \
            --workflow="$_wf" \
            --limit=20 \
            --json databaseId,conclusion,createdAt 2>/dev/null \
            | jq -r --arg started "$RUN_STARTED_AT" \
                '[.[] | select(.conclusion != "skipped" and .createdAt >= $started)][0].databaseId // empty' \
            || echo "")
    fi
    if [[ -n "$RUN_FAILURES_FILE" ]] && ! grep -q "^${test_name}\( \|$\)" "$RUN_FAILURES_FILE" 2>/dev/null; then
        if [[ -n "$_run_id" ]]; then
            echo "$test_name $_run_id" >> "$RUN_FAILURES_FILE"
        else
            echo "$test_name" >> "$RUN_FAILURES_FILE"
        fi
    fi
    # Update fails.txt: append run ID to existing line or add new entry
    if [[ -f "fails.txt" ]] && grep -q "^${test_name} \|^${test_name}$" "fails.txt" 2>/dev/null; then
        if [[ -n "$_run_id" ]]; then
            local _existing_line
            _existing_line=$(grep "^${test_name} \|^${test_name}$" "fails.txt")
            if [[ "$_existing_line" != *"$_run_id"* ]]; then
                sed -i "s|^${test_name}\( .*\)\?$|${test_name}\1 ${_run_id}|" "fails.txt"
            fi
        fi
    else
        if [[ -n "$_run_id" ]]; then
            echo "$test_name $_run_id" >> "fails.txt"
        else
            echo "$test_name" >> "fails.txt"
        fi
    fi
}

# Helper function to safely execute commands that might fail
# Usage: safe_run "operation description" command arg1 arg2...
safe_run() {
    local description="$1"
    shift
    
    if "$@"; then
        return 0
    else
        local exit_code=$?
        warning "Failed to $description (exit code: $exit_code)"
        return $exit_code
    fi
}

# Configuration
REPO_OWNER="githubnext"
REPO_NAME="gh-aw-test"
TIMEOUT_MINUTES=15
# In CI, poll 10x less frequently (50s vs 5s) to conserve GitHub API rate limits.
# The human isn't watching for fast feedback, so the extra latency is fine.
POLL_INTERVAL=5
# Outcome poll: how often wait_for_* functions recheck the GitHub API for expected output.
# Kept faster than POLL_INTERVAL because each check is cheap, but still CI-aware.
OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL=5
# Reserve enough GitHub REST API quota for one parallel batch to finish.
RATE_LIMIT_THRESHOLD=1500
if [[ "${CI:-false}" == "true" ]]; then
    POLL_INTERVAL=50
    OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL=20
fi
LOG_FILE="e2e-test-$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S).log"
TEMP_USER_PAT_SET=false
USE_SAMPLES=false

# --verbose: when true, build/compile/version diagnostics that normally go only
# to $LOG_FILE are ALSO streamed to stdout. Useful in CI where $LOG_FILE is not
# surfaced and a failing `make build` / capability probe is otherwise opaque.
VERBOSE=false

# Shared results file for parallel execution
RESULTS_FILE="/tmp/e2e-results-$$.txt"

# --gh-aw-ref: when non-empty, the script resets a parallel ../gh-aw checkout to
# this ref, builds it, and uses the resulting binary for compile+enable+disable+run.
# Compiled workflows will then reference github/gh-aw/actions/setup@<GH_AW_REF>
# instead of the published github/gh-aw-actions/setup@<version>.
GH_AW_REF=""
GH_AW_SRC_DIR="../gh-aw"
GH_AW_BIN="gh aw"
GH_AW_RESOLVED_SHA=""   # short commit SHA of the gh-aw binary actually used
GH_AW_VERSION_STR=""    # output of gh-aw --version for the binary actually used

# --branch / $E2E_BRANCH: when non-empty, e2e.sh pushes the recompiled
# workflows to this branch (force-push) instead of committing to main, and
# dispatches every test workflow with `--ref <branch>` so the run executes the
# branch's version. This isolates concurrent/serial matrix entries from each
# other (and from main) — each (gh-aw ref × samples) combination gets its own
# stable branch that is reused and force-updated on every run. When empty, the
# legacy behaviour (push to main, dispatch from the default branch) is used.
E2E_BRANCH="${E2E_BRANCH:-}"
# DISPATCH_REF is derived from E2E_BRANCH and passed to `gh aw run --ref` /
# `gh workflow run --ref`. Empty means "use the repository default branch".
DISPATCH_REF=""

# CI mode: when the standard `$CI` environment variable is set to `true`
# (which GitHub Actions and most other CI providers do automatically), e2e.sh
# does NOT mutate repository secrets. Default to false if unset.
CI="${CI:-false}"

# Utility functions
log() {
    echo "$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') $*" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
}

info() {
    echo -e "${BLUE}ℹ️  $*${NC}" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
}

success() {
    echo -e "${GREEN}✅ $*${NC}" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
}

warning() {
    echo -e "${YELLOW}⚠️  $*${NC}" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
}

error() {
    echo -e "${RED}❌ $*${NC}" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
}

progress() {
    echo -e "${PURPLE}🔨 $*${NC}" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
}

# Run a command, always appending its combined output to $LOG_FILE. When
# VERBOSE is true the output is ALSO streamed to stdout (via the terminal),
# which is important in CI where $LOG_FILE is not otherwise surfaced. Returns
# the command's exit status.
run_logged() {
    if [[ "$VERBOSE" == true ]]; then
        # tee keeps the log file in sync while echoing to the console.
        "$@" 2>&1 | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
        return "${PIPESTATUS[0]}"
    else
        "$@" &>> "$LOG_FILE"
    fi
}

# Secret management functions
set_temp_user_pat() {
    info "Setting TEMP_USER_PAT secret for cross-repo testing..."
    
    # Get the current user's PAT
    local user_pat=$(gh auth token 2>/dev/null)
    
    if [[ -z "$user_pat" ]]; then
        error "Failed to get GitHub auth token. Run 'gh auth login'"
        return 1
    fi
    
    # Set the secret in the repository (gh secret set is idempotent - overwrites if already present)
    local secret_err
    local max_attempts=3
    local attempt=1
    while [[ $attempt -le $max_attempts ]]; do
        secret_err=$(echo "$user_pat" | gh secret set TEMP_USER_PAT --repo "$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME" 2>&1)
        local rc=$?
        echo "$secret_err" >> "$LOG_FILE"
        if [[ $rc -eq 0 ]]; then
            TEMP_USER_PAT_SET=true
            success "TEMP_USER_PAT secret set successfully"
            return 0
        fi
        if [[ $attempt -lt $max_attempts ]]; then
            warning "Failed to set TEMP_USER_PAT secret (attempt $attempt/$max_attempts): $secret_err"
            sleep 5
        fi
        attempt=$((attempt + 1))
    done
    error "Failed to set TEMP_USER_PAT secret after $max_attempts attempts: $secret_err"
    return 1
}

delete_temp_user_pat() {
    if [[ "$TEMP_USER_PAT_SET" == true ]]; then
        info "Cleaning up TEMP_USER_PAT secret..."
        if gh secret delete TEMP_USER_PAT --repo "$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME" &>> "$LOG_FILE"; then
            TEMP_USER_PAT_SET=false
            success "TEMP_USER_PAT secret deleted successfully"
            return 0
        else
            warning "Failed to delete TEMP_USER_PAT secret (it may not exist)"
            return 1
        fi
    fi
}

cleanup_on_exit() {
    # Prevent double execution
    if [[ "${CLEANUP_DONE:-false}" == "true" ]]; then
        return 0
    fi
    CLEANUP_DONE=true
    
    echo
    info "Performing cleanup..."
    
    # Load workflows from temp file (for parallel processes)
    if [[ -f "/tmp/e2e-workflows-list-$$.txt" ]]; then
        while IFS= read -r wf; do
            [[ -n "$wf" ]] && GLOBAL_WORKFLOWS_TO_DISABLE+=("$wf")
        done < "/tmp/e2e-workflows-list-$$.txt"
    fi
    
    # Disable any workflows that were enabled during testing
    if [[ ${#GLOBAL_WORKFLOWS_TO_DISABLE[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
        # Remove duplicates
        local -A seen
        local unique_workflows=()
        for workflow in "${GLOBAL_WORKFLOWS_TO_DISABLE[@]}"; do
            if [[ -z "${seen[$workflow]:-}" ]]; then
                seen[$workflow]=1
                unique_workflows+=("$workflow")
            fi
        done
        
        info "Disabling ${#unique_workflows[@]} workflow(s) in parallel that were enabled during testing..."
        for workflow in "${unique_workflows[@]}"; do
            # Never disable protected CI/infra workflows (e.g. the nightly E2E
            # matrix) even if they somehow ended up on the disable queue.
            if is_protected_workflow "$workflow"; then
                info "  🔒 Keeping '$workflow' enabled (protected workflow)"
                continue
            fi
            (disable_workflow "$workflow" 2>/dev/null || warning "Failed to disable workflow '$workflow', continuing...") &
        done
        wait
    fi
    
    delete_temp_user_pat
    
    # Clean up lock files
    rm -f "$RESULTS_LOCK" "$GLOBAL_WORKFLOWS_LOCK" "$RESULTS_FILE" "/tmp/e2e-workflows-list-$$.txt" ${COMPILE_FAILED_FILE:+"$COMPILE_FAILED_FILE"} 2>/dev/null || true
}


# Test pattern matching functions
matches_pattern() {
    local test_name="$1"
    local pattern="$2"
    
    # Convert glob pattern to regex
    local regex_pattern=$(echo "$pattern" | sed 's/\*/[^[:space:]]*/g')
    
    if [[ "$test_name" =~ ^${regex_pattern}$ ]]; then
        return 0
    else
        return 1
    fi
}

# Get target repo from workflow name (defaults to current repo)
get_target_repo() {
    local workflow_name="$1"
    
    if [[ "$workflow_name" == *"siderepo"* ]]; then
        echo "githubnext/gh-aw-side-repo"
    else
        echo ""
    fi
}

# Extract AI type from workflow name
extract_ai_type() {
    local workflow_name="$1"
    
    # Check for nosandbox variants first (more specific)
    if [[ "$workflow_name" == *"claude-nosandbox"* ]]; then
        echo "claude-nosandbox"
    elif [[ "$workflow_name" == *"codex-nosandbox"* ]]; then
        echo "codex-nosandbox"
    elif [[ "$workflow_name" == *"copilot-nosandbox"* ]]; then
        echo "copilot-nosandbox"
    # Then check for regular variants
    elif [[ "$workflow_name" == *"claude"* ]]; then
        echo "claude"
    elif [[ "$workflow_name" == *"codex"* ]]; then
        echo "codex"
    elif [[ "$workflow_name" == *"copilot"* ]]; then
        echo "copilot"
    else
        echo ""
    fi
}

# Get display name for AI type
get_ai_display_name() {
    local ai_type="$1"
    
    case "$ai_type" in
        claude-nosandbox)
            echo "Claude (No Sandbox)"
            ;;
        codex-nosandbox)
            echo "Codex (No Sandbox)"
            ;;
        copilot-nosandbox)
            echo "Copilot (No Sandbox)"
            ;;
        claude)
            echo "Claude"
            ;;
        codex)
            echo "Codex"
            ;;
        copilot)
            echo "Copilot"
            ;;
        *)
            echo "${ai_type^}"
            ;;
    esac
}

# Get expected labels for AI type
# Nosandbox variants use separate labels: base-type, nosandbox, automation
# Regular variants use: base-type, automation
get_expected_labels() {
    local ai_type="$1"
    
    case "$ai_type" in
        claude-nosandbox)
            echo "claude,nosandbox,automation"
            ;;
        codex-nosandbox)
            echo "codex,nosandbox,automation"
            ;;
        copilot-nosandbox)
            echo "copilot,nosandbox,automation"
            ;;
        *)
            echo "${ai_type},automation"
            ;;
    esac
}

# Get title prefix for validation based on workflow name and type
# PR tests use different prefixes to avoid conflicts in parallel execution
get_title_prefix() {
    local workflow_name="$1"
    local ai_type="$2"
    
    # Determine the appropriate suffix based on workflow type
    if [[ "$workflow_name" == *"create-two-pull-requests"* ]]; then
        echo "[${ai_type}-test-two-prs] "
    elif [[ "$workflow_name" == *"subdir-create-pull-request"* ]]; then
        echo "[${ai_type}-test-subdir-pr] "
    elif [[ "$workflow_name" == *"sparse-create-pull-request"* ]]; then
        echo "[${ai_type}-test-sparse-pr] "
    elif [[ "$workflow_name" == *"create-pull-request"* ]]; then
        echo "[${ai_type}-test-single-pr] "
    elif [[ "$workflow_name" == *"gh-steps"* ]]; then
        echo "[${ai_type}-test-gh-steps] "
    else
        # Default for non-PR tests (issues, discussions, etc.)
        echo "[${ai_type}-test] "
    fi
}

should_run_test() {
    local test_name="$1"
    local patterns=("${@:2}")
    
    # If no patterns specified, run all tests
    if [[ ${#patterns[@]} -eq 0 ]]; then
        return 0
    fi
    
    # Check if test matches any pattern
    for pattern in "${patterns[@]}"; do
        if matches_pattern "$test_name" "$pattern"; then
            return 0
        fi
    done
    
    return 1
}

is_sample_incompatible_test() {
    local test_name="$1"

    [[ "$test_name" == *"custom-safe-outputs" || "$test_name" == "test-copilot-steer" ]]
}

get_all_tests() {
    # Workflow dispatch tests
    echo "test-claude-create-issue"
    echo "test-codex-create-issue"
    echo "test-copilot-create-issue"
    echo "test-claude-create-discussion"
    echo "test-codex-create-discussion"
    echo "test-copilot-create-discussion"
    echo "test-claude-create-pull-request"
    echo "test-codex-create-pull-request"
    echo "test-copilot-create-pull-request"
    echo "test-claude-create-two-pull-requests"
    echo "test-codex-create-two-pull-requests"
    echo "test-copilot-create-two-pull-requests"
    echo "test-claude-create-code-scanning-alert"
    echo "test-codex-create-repository-code-scanning-alert"
    echo "test-copilot-create-repository-code-scanning-alert"
    echo "test-copilot-create-check-run"
    echo "test-claude-mcp"
    echo "test-codex-mcp"
    echo "test-copilot-mcp"
    echo "test-copilot-mcp-code-quality"
    echo "test-copilot-skills-frontmatter"
    echo "test-claude-custom-safe-outputs"
    echo "test-codex-custom-safe-outputs"
    echo "test-copilot-custom-safe-outputs"
    echo "test-copilot-gh-steps"
    echo "test-copilot-restore-memory-custom-job"
    # Issue-triggered tests
    echo "test-claude-add-comment"
    echo "test-claude-add-labels"
    echo "test-claude-add-discussion-comment"
    echo "test-codex-add-comment"
    echo "test-codex-add-labels"
    echo "test-codex-add-discussion-comment"
    echo "test-copilot-add-comment"
    echo "test-copilot-add-labels"
    echo "test-copilot-add-discussion-comment"
    echo "test-claude-update-issue"
    echo "test-codex-update-issue"
    echo "test-copilot-update-issue"
    echo "test-copilot-close-issue"
    echo "test-copilot-remove-labels"
    echo "test-copilot-replace-label"
    echo "test-copilot-close-discussion"
    echo "test-copilot-update-discussion"
    echo "test-copilot-assign-to-user"
    echo "test-copilot-unassign-from-user"
    echo "test-copilot-assign-milestone"
    echo "test-copilot-assign-to-agent"
    echo "test-copilot-link-sub-issue"
    echo "test-copilot-hide-comment"
    # PR-triggered tests
    echo "test-claude-update-pull-request"
    echo "test-codex-update-pull-request"
    echo "test-copilot-update-pull-request"
    echo "test-copilot-close-pull-request"
    echo "test-copilot-add-reviewer"
    echo "test-copilot-mark-pull-request-as-ready-for-review"
    # Command-triggered tests
    echo "test-claude-command"
    echo "test-codex-command"
    echo "test-copilot-command"
    echo "test-claude-push-to-pull-request-branch"
    echo "test-codex-push-to-pull-request-branch"
    echo "test-copilot-push-to-pull-request-branch-using-slash-command"
    echo "test-copilot-push-to-pull-request-branch-using-dispatch"
    echo "test-claude-create-pull-request-review-comment"
    echo "test-codex-create-pull-request-review-comment"
    echo "test-copilot-create-pull-request-review-comment"
    echo "test-copilot-reply-to-pull-request-review-comment"
    echo "test-copilot-resolve-pull-request-review-thread"
    echo "test-copilot-submit-pull-request-review"
    echo "test-copilot-set-issue-type"
    echo "test-copilot-set-issue-field"
    echo "test-copilot-set-issue-field-builtin-rejection"
    echo "test-copilot-issue-intents"
    # Workflow_dispatch tests with inputs (dispatch-workflow needs a sentinel)
    echo "test-copilot-submit-pull-request-review-locked"
    echo "test-copilot-dismiss-pull-request-review"
    echo "test-copilot-dispatch-workflow"
    echo "test-copilot-call-workflow"
    echo "test-copilot-inline-sub-agents"
    echo "test-copilot-network-isolation"
    echo "test-copilot-noop"
    echo "test-copilot-report-incomplete"
    echo "test-copilot-missing-data"
    echo "test-copilot-missing-tool"
    echo "test-copilot-update-release"
    echo "test-copilot-upload-asset"
    echo "test-copilot-upload-code-coverage"
    # Phase 2: runtime, sandbox, network, memory, and MCP
    echo "test-copilot-cache-memory-concurrent-merge"
    echo "test-copilot-sandbox-runtime-profile"
    echo "test-copilot-mcp-large-json-payload"
    echo "test-copilot-playwright-cli"
    echo "test-copilot-cooldown"
    echo "test-copilot-siderepo-push-to-pull-request-branch-fork-rejection"
    echo "test-copilot-network-engine-domain-opt-in"
    echo "test-copilot-mcp-http-oidc-permission"
    echo "test-copilot-sandbox-exclude-env"
    echo "test-copilot-mcp-github-remote"
    # Phase 1: new safe outputs and capabilities
    echo "test-copilot-repo-memory"
    echo "test-copilot-linear-create-issue"
    echo "test-copilot-jira-create-issue"
    echo "test-copilot-steer"
    echo "test-copilot-update-project"
    echo "test-copilot-close-issue-duplicate-of"
    echo "test-copilot-assign-to-agent-reasoning-effort"
    echo "test-copilot-assign-to-agent-with-config"
    echo "test-copilot-update-pull-request-replace-island"
    echo "test-copilot-body-footer"
    # Nosandbox tests - limited set for claude/codex, full matrix for copilot
    echo "test-copilot-nosandbox-create-issue"
    echo "test-copilot-nosandbox-create-discussion"
    echo "test-copilot-nosandbox-create-pull-request"
    echo "test-copilot-nosandbox-create-two-pull-requests"
    echo "test-copilot-nosandbox-create-repository-code-scanning-alert"
    echo "test-copilot-nosandbox-mcp"
    echo "test-copilot-nosandbox-custom-safe-outputs"
    echo "test-copilot-nosandbox-add-comment"
    echo "test-copilot-nosandbox-add-labels"
    echo "test-copilot-nosandbox-add-discussion-comment"
    echo "test-copilot-nosandbox-update-issue"
    echo "test-copilot-nosandbox-command"
    echo "test-copilot-nosandbox-push-to-pull-request-branch"
    echo "test-copilot-nosandbox-create-pull-request-review-comment"
    # Siderepo tests - cross-repo private repository tests
    echo "test-copilot-siderepo-create-issue"
    echo "test-copilot-siderepo-create-discussion"
    echo "test-copilot-siderepo-create-pull-request"
    echo "test-copilot-siderepo-sparse-create-pull-request"
    echo "test-copilot-siderepo-subdir-create-pull-request"
    echo "test-copilot-siderepo-create-two-pull-requests"
    # echo "test-copilot-siderepo-create-repository-code-scanning-alert"  # Disabled: doesn't support target-repo
    echo "test-copilot-siderepo-mcp"
    # echo "test-copilot-siderepo-custom-safe-outputs"  # Disabled: doesn't support target-repo
    echo "test-copilot-siderepo-add-comment"
    echo "test-copilot-siderepo-add-labels"
    echo "test-copilot-siderepo-add-discussion-comment"
    echo "test-copilot-siderepo-update-issue"
    echo "test-copilot-siderepo-link-sub-issue"
    echo "test-copilot-siderepo-push-to-pull-request-branch-using-dispatch"
    echo "test-copilot-siderepo-sparse-push-to-pull-request-branch-using-dispatch"
    echo "test-copilot-siderepo-create-pull-request-review-comment"
}

filter_tests() {
    local patterns=("$@")
    
    local all_tests
    all_tests=($(get_all_tests))
    
    local filtered_tests=()
    for test in "${all_tests[@]}"; do
        if [[ "$USE_SAMPLES" == true ]] && is_sample_incompatible_test "$test"; then
            continue
        fi
        if should_run_test "$test" "${patterns[@]}"; then
            filtered_tests+=("$test")
        fi
    done
    
    # Only print if there are filtered tests
    if [[ ${#filtered_tests[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
        printf '%s\n' "${filtered_tests[@]}"
    fi
}

# Reset a parallel gh-aw checkout to $GH_AW_REF, build it, and set GH_AW_BIN.
# Used when the user passes --gh-aw-ref <ref> to test compiled workflows against
# a specific gh-aw branch, tag, or SHA. The compiled lock.yml files will then
# pin github/gh-aw/actions/setup@<ref> at runtime instead of the published
# github/gh-aw-actions/setup@<version>.
setup_local_gh_aw_binary() {
    info "Setting up local gh-aw build for ref '$GH_AW_REF'..."

    if [[ ! -d "$GH_AW_SRC_DIR/.git" ]]; then
        error "--gh-aw-ref requires a parallel gh-aw checkout at $GH_AW_SRC_DIR (not found)"
        exit 1
    fi

    progress "Fetching latest refs from origin in $GH_AW_SRC_DIR..."
    # --force + --prune-tags tolerates moved/deleted upstream tags
    if ! run_logged git -C "$GH_AW_SRC_DIR" fetch origin --prune --prune-tags --tags --force; then
        error "Failed to fetch from origin in $GH_AW_SRC_DIR"
        exit 1
    fi

    progress "Resetting $GH_AW_SRC_DIR to '$GH_AW_REF'..."
    # Try branch (origin/<ref>) first, then fall back to tag/SHA.
    if git -C "$GH_AW_SRC_DIR" rev-parse --verify "origin/$GH_AW_REF" &>/dev/null; then
        if ! run_logged git -C "$GH_AW_SRC_DIR" checkout -B "$GH_AW_REF" "origin/$GH_AW_REF"; then
            error "Failed to checkout branch '$GH_AW_REF' in $GH_AW_SRC_DIR"
            exit 1
        fi
    else
        if ! run_logged git -C "$GH_AW_SRC_DIR" checkout --detach "$GH_AW_REF"; then
            error "Failed to checkout ref '$GH_AW_REF' in $GH_AW_SRC_DIR (not a branch, tag, or SHA)"
            exit 1
        fi
    fi

    # Record the resolved commit so a stale/empty build is easy to diagnose.
    local resolved_sha
    resolved_sha=$(git -C "$GH_AW_SRC_DIR" rev-parse --short HEAD 2>/dev/null || echo "unknown")
    info "  $GH_AW_SRC_DIR is at commit $resolved_sha"

    progress "Building gh-aw binary at $GH_AW_SRC_DIR (make build)..."
    if ! ( cd "$GH_AW_SRC_DIR" && run_logged make build ); then
        error "Failed to build gh-aw binary in $GH_AW_SRC_DIR. Check $LOG_FILE for details"
        exit 1
    fi

    local bin_path="$GH_AW_SRC_DIR/gh-aw"
    if [[ ! -x "$bin_path" ]]; then
        error "Built binary not found at $bin_path"
        exit 1
    fi

    GH_AW_BIN="$bin_path"
    GH_AW_RESOLVED_SHA="$resolved_sha"
    # Capture version output (incl. stderr) for diagnostics. An empty version
    # usually means the build silently produced a binary without ldflags/version
    # info or that an old binary is being reused.
    local built_version
    built_version=$($GH_AW_BIN --version 2>&1 || echo "unknown")
    GH_AW_VERSION_STR="$built_version"
    echo "gh-aw --version output: ${built_version:-<empty>}" >> "$LOG_FILE"
    success "Built gh-aw binary: $bin_path (commit $resolved_sha, version: ${built_version:-<empty>})"

    # Verify the binary supports --gh-aw-ref. Capture the help output so a
    # failure here can be diagnosed (e.g. ref older than the flag, or the wrong
    # binary was built/picked up).
    local compile_help
    compile_help=$($GH_AW_BIN compile --help 2>&1)
    echo "--- '$GH_AW_BIN compile --help' output ---" >> "$LOG_FILE"
    echo "$compile_help" >> "$LOG_FILE"
    if [[ "$VERBOSE" == true ]]; then
        echo "$compile_help"
    fi
    if ! grep -q -- "--gh-aw-ref" <<< "$compile_help"; then
        error "The built gh-aw binary does not support --gh-aw-ref. The ref '$GH_AW_REF' (commit $resolved_sha) is likely older than the flag's introduction, or the wrong binary was built (version: ${built_version:-<empty>})."
        error "Re-run with --verbose to see the full build and 'compile --help' output."
        exit 1
    fi
}

check_prerequisites() {
    info "Checking prerequisites..."

    # Check gh CLI is installed and authenticated
    if ! command -v gh &> /dev/null; then
        error "GitHub CLI (gh) is not installed"
        exit 1
    fi

    # Check authentication
    if ! gh auth status &> /dev/null; then
        error "GitHub CLI is not authenticated. Run 'gh auth login'"
        exit 1
    fi

    # Either install/upgrade the released gh-aw extension OR build the requested
    # ref from a parallel ../gh-aw checkout.
    if [[ -n "$GH_AW_REF" ]]; then
        setup_local_gh_aw_binary
    else
        info "Checking gh-aw extension..."
        if gh extension list | grep -q "github/gh-aw"; then
            if [[ "${CI:-}" == "true" ]]; then
                # In CI the job step already installed the correct pinned version;
                # do NOT upgrade, or we would override the pinned version with latest.
                info "Running in CI mode; using pre-installed gh-aw extension (skipping upgrade)"
            else
                info "gh-aw extension already installed, upgrading to latest version..."
                if gh extension upgrade github/gh-aw &>> "$LOG_FILE"; then
                    success "gh-aw extension upgraded successfully"
                else
                    warning "Failed to upgrade gh-aw extension, continuing with existing version"
                fi
            fi
        else
            info "Installing gh-aw extension..."
            if gh extension install github/gh-aw &>> "$LOG_FILE"; then
                success "gh-aw extension installed successfully"
            else
                error "Failed to install gh-aw extension. Check $LOG_FILE for details"
                exit 1
            fi
        fi
    fi

    # Verify the chosen gh-aw binary is available
    if ! $GH_AW_BIN --version &>> "$LOG_FILE"; then
        error "gh-aw binary ($GH_AW_BIN) is not available"
        exit 1
    fi

    # Check we're in the right repo
    local current_repo=$(gh repo view --json nameWithOwner -q .nameWithOwner 2>/dev/null || echo "")
    if [[ "$current_repo" != "$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME" ]]; then
        error "Not in the correct repository. Expected $REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME, got $current_repo"
        exit 1
    fi

    # For the main-branch push path: sync to the latest origin/main BEFORE
    # compiling. Lock files are auto-generated; the only conflict-free way to
    # push a new compilation is to start from whatever is already on main, run
    # compile, and push the result as a clean fast-forward.  This avoids the
    # need for any rebase/merge of generated files.
    # (E2E_BRANCH uses force-push, so no pre-sync is needed for that path.)
    if [[ -z "$E2E_BRANCH" ]]; then
        git fetch origin main &>> "$LOG_FILE"
        git reset --hard origin/main &>> "$LOG_FILE"
    fi

    # Compile workflows. When --gh-aw-ref is set, pass it through so compiled
    # workflows reference github/gh-aw/actions/setup@<ref> at runtime.
    local compile_cmd=($GH_AW_BIN compile)
    if [[ -n "$GH_AW_REF" ]]; then
        compile_cmd+=(--gh-aw-ref "$GH_AW_REF")
    fi
    if [[ "$USE_SAMPLES" == true ]]; then
        compile_cmd+=(--use-samples)
    fi
    compile_cmd+=(--json)
    info "Running: ${compile_cmd[*]}"
    local _compile_out
    _compile_out=$(mktemp)
    "${compile_cmd[@]}" 2>&1 | tee -a "$LOG_FILE" > "$_compile_out"
    local _compile_rc=${PIPESTATUS[0]}
    if [[ $_compile_rc -ne 0 ]]; then
        local _failed_wfs
        _failed_wfs=$(python3 -c "
import sys, json, re, os
data = open(sys.argv[1]).read()
m = re.search(r'\\[\\s*\\{.*\\}\\s*\\]', data, re.DOTALL)
if not m: sys.exit(0)
for item in json.loads(m.group(0)):
    if not item.get('valid', True):
        wf = os.path.basename(item.get('workflow', '')).replace('.md', '')
        if wf: print(wf)
" "$_compile_out" 2>/dev/null || true)
        rm -f "$_compile_out"
        if [[ -n "$_failed_wfs" ]]; then
            COMPILE_FAILED_FILE="/tmp/e2e-compile-failed-$$.txt"
            printf '%s\n' "$_failed_wfs" > "$COMPILE_FAILED_FILE"
            warning "Some workflows failed to compile; those tests will be marked failed:"
            while IFS= read -r _wf; do
                warning "  ✗ compile failed: $_wf"
            done <<< "$_failed_wfs"
        else
            error "'${compile_cmd[*]}' failed. Check $LOG_FILE for details"
            exit 1
        fi
    else
        rm -f "$_compile_out"
    fi

    # Always recompile suggest-new-e2e-tests.md without samples

    if ! $GH_AW_BIN compile suggest-new-e2e-tests.md --json &>> "$LOG_FILE"; then
        error "Failed to compile suggest-new-e2e-tests.md. Check $LOG_FILE for details"
        exit 1
    fi

    # If there are any updates from the compile, commit them and push them so the
    # workflows are up to date for testing.
    #
    # Two destinations:
    #   * E2E_BRANCH set  -> create/reset a dedicated branch from the current
    #     HEAD, commit any changes, and force-push the branch. Test workflows are
    #     later dispatched with `--ref $E2E_BRANCH`, so this never touches main
    #     and parallel/serial matrix entries can't clobber each other.
    #   * E2E_BRANCH empty -> legacy behaviour: commit and push to main.
    # NOTE: when running against --gh-aw-ref the lock.yml diff is expected; we still
    # push so the test runs see the ref-specific workflows.

    local commit_msg="chore: update compiled workflows via e2e.sh"
    if [[ -n "$GH_AW_REF" ]]; then
        commit_msg="chore: e2e.sh recompile against gh-aw ref ${GH_AW_REF}"
    fi

    if [[ -n "$E2E_BRANCH" ]]; then
        DISPATCH_REF="$E2E_BRANCH"
        info "Using dedicated test branch '$E2E_BRANCH' (workflows dispatched with --ref '$E2E_BRANCH')"
        # Move onto the dedicated branch, carrying any compile changes in the
        # working tree with us.
        if ! git checkout -B "$E2E_BRANCH" &>> "$LOG_FILE"; then
            error "Failed to create/reset local branch '$E2E_BRANCH'. Check $LOG_FILE for details"
            exit 1
        fi
        local git_status
        git_status=$(git status --porcelain)
        if [[ -n "$git_status" ]]; then
            git add . &>> "$LOG_FILE"
            git commit -m "$commit_msg" &>> "$LOG_FILE"
        else
            info "No changes detected after compile; force-pushing branch to keep it in sync"
        fi
        # Always force-push so the remote branch exactly matches the compiled
        # state (the branch is ephemeral/reused and safe to overwrite).
        if git push --force origin "$E2E_BRANCH" &>> "$LOG_FILE"; then
            success "Pushed compiled workflows to branch '$E2E_BRANCH'"
        else
            error "Failed to push to branch '$E2E_BRANCH'. Check $LOG_FILE for details"
            exit 1
        fi
    else
        local git_status
        git_status=$(git status --porcelain)
        if [[ -n "$git_status" ]]; then
            info "Detected changes after compile; committing and pushing to main branch"
            git add . &>> "$LOG_FILE"
            git commit -m "$commit_msg" &>> "$LOG_FILE"
            if git push origin main &>> "$LOG_FILE"; then
                success "Changes pushed to main branch"
            else
                error "Failed to push changes to main branch. Check $LOG_FILE for details"
                exit 1
            fi
        else
            info "No changes detected after compile"
        fi
    fi

    # PAT handling.
    #
    # Two modes (selected automatically via the standard `$CI` env var):
    #   * Local mode (CI unset or != "true"): the script uses its own
    #     `gh auth token` to set the repository's TEMP_USER_PAT secret so
    #     dispatched workflows can do cross-repo operations. We also delete
    #     the secret on exit.
    #   * CI mode (CI=true): the script MUST NOT mutate repo secrets (parallel
    #     matrix runs would clobber each other and we don't want CI write-scope
    #     tokens leaking through `gh secret set`). Instead, the PAT is supplied
    #     as the GH_AW_TEST_PAT environment variable, sourced from the actions
    #     secret of the same name. The repo's TEMP_USER_PAT secret is expected
    #     to be pre-configured (typically to the same value).
    if [[ "$CI" == true ]]; then
        if [[ -z "${GH_AW_TEST_PAT:-}" ]]; then
            error "CI mode (CI=true) requires the GH_AW_TEST_PAT environment variable to be set (sourced from the actions secret of the same name). e2e.sh will not set repo secrets in this mode."
            exit 1
        fi
        info "CI mode: skipping TEMP_USER_PAT secret management; using pre-configured repo secret + GH_AW_TEST_PAT env"
    else
        # Set TEMP_USER_PAT secret for cross-repo testing
        if ! set_temp_user_pat; then
            error "Failed to set TEMP_USER_PAT secret. Cross-repo tests will fail."
            exit 1
        fi
    fi

    success "Prerequisites check passed"
}

disable_all_workflows_before_testing() {
    info "Disabling all workflows that aren't already disabled..."
    
    # Get list of all workflows with their state
    # Format: workflow_id state
    progress "Running: gh workflow list --all --json name,state"
    local workflows_output
    workflows_output=$(gh workflow list --all --json name,state --jq '.[] | "\(.name)\t\(.state)"' 2>/dev/null)
    
    if [[ -z "$workflows_output" ]]; then
        warning "No workflows found or failed to list workflows"
        return 0
    fi
    
    local -a to_disable=()
    local already_disabled_count=0

    while IFS=$'\t' read -r workflow_name workflow_state; do
        # Never disable protected CI/infra workflows (e.g. the nightly E2E
        # matrix), otherwise the scheduled run that invokes us in CI would be
        # turned off and nightly testing would stop.
        if is_protected_workflow "$workflow_name"; then
            info "  🔒 Keeping '$workflow_name' enabled (protected workflow)"
            continue
        fi
        # Skip if already disabled
        if [[ "$workflow_state" == "disabled_manually" ]] || [[ "$workflow_state" == "disabled_inactivity" ]]; then
            info "  ⏭️  Skipping '$workflow_name' (already $workflow_state)"
            already_disabled_count=$((already_disabled_count + 1))
            continue
        fi
        to_disable+=("$workflow_name")
    done <<< "$workflows_output"

    local disabled_count=0
    if [[ ${#to_disable[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
        local parallelism=$BATCH_SIZE
        [[ $parallelism -lt 1 ]] && parallelism=1
        info "Disabling ${#to_disable[@]} workflow(s) in parallel (up to $parallelism at a time)..."
        local results_file
        results_file=$(mktemp)
        local running=0
        for workflow_name in "${to_disable[@]}"; do
            (
                if gh workflow disable "$workflow_name" &>> "$LOG_FILE"; then
                    printf 'ok\t%s\n' "$workflow_name" >> "$results_file"
                else
                    printf 'fail\t%s\n' "$workflow_name" >> "$results_file"
                fi
            ) &
            running=$((running + 1))
            if [[ $running -ge $parallelism ]]; then
                wait -n 2>/dev/null || wait
                running=$((running - 1))
            fi
        done
        wait

        while IFS=$'\t' read -r status name; do
            if [[ "$status" == "ok" ]]; then
                success "  ✓ Disabled '$name'"
                disabled_count=$((disabled_count + 1))
            else
                warning "Failed to disable workflow '$name'"
            fi
        done < "$results_file"
        rm -f "$results_file"
    fi
    
    echo
    if [[ $disabled_count -gt 0 ]]; then
        success "Disabled $disabled_count workflow(s) ($already_disabled_count were already disabled)"
    else
        info "All workflows were already disabled ($already_disabled_count total)"
    fi
}

wait_for_workflow() {
    local workflow_name="$1"
    local run_id="$2"
    local expected_conclusion="${3:-success}"
    local timeout_seconds=$((TIMEOUT_MINUTES * 60))
    local start_time=$(date +%s)
    local max_consecutive_failures=10
    local consecutive_failures=0
    
    progress "Waiting for workflow '$workflow_name' (run #$run_id) to complete..."
    progress "View run details: https://github.com/$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME/actions/runs/$run_id"
    
    while true; do
        local status conclusion status_output
        if status_output=$(timeout 30s gh run view "$run_id" --json status,conclusion -q '.status + "," + (.conclusion // "")' 2>&1); then
            status="$status_output"
            consecutive_failures=0
            IFS=',' read -r run_status run_conclusion <<< "$status"

            local current_time=$(date +%s)
            local elapsed=$((current_time - start_time))
            if [[ "$run_status" != "completed" && $elapsed -gt $timeout_seconds ]]; then
                error "Timeout waiting for workflow '$workflow_name' after $TIMEOUT_MINUTES minutes"
                error "View run details: https://github.com/$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME/actions/runs/$run_id"
                return 1
            fi
            
            case "$run_status" in
                "completed")
                    if [[ "$run_conclusion" == "$expected_conclusion" ]]; then
                        success "Workflow '$workflow_name' completed with expected conclusion: $run_conclusion"
                        return 0
                    fi
                    error "Workflow '$workflow_name' completed with conclusion '$run_conclusion' (expected '$expected_conclusion')"
                    error "View run details: https://github.com/$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME/actions/runs/$run_id"
                    return 1
                    ;;
                "in_progress"|"queued"|"requested"|"waiting"|"pending")
                    echo -n "."
                    sleep $POLL_INTERVAL
                    ;;
                *)
                    error "Workflow '$workflow_name' has unexpected status: $run_status"
                    error "View run details: https://github.com/$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME/actions/runs/$run_id"
                    return 1
                    ;;
            esac
        elif is_rate_limit_error "$status_output"; then
            wait_for_rate_limit_reset "checking workflow run $run_id"
            start_time=$(date +%s)
            consecutive_failures=0
        else
            local current_time=$(date +%s)
            local elapsed=$((current_time - start_time))
            if [[ $elapsed -gt $timeout_seconds ]]; then
                error "Timeout waiting for workflow '$workflow_name' after $TIMEOUT_MINUTES minutes"
                error "View run details: https://github.com/$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME/actions/runs/$run_id"
                return 1
            fi

            consecutive_failures=$((consecutive_failures + 1))
            if [[ $consecutive_failures -ge $max_consecutive_failures ]]; then
                error "Failed to get status for workflow run $run_id after $max_consecutive_failures consecutive attempts"
                error "View run details: https://github.com/$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME/actions/runs/$run_id"
                return 1
            fi
            warning "Failed to get status for workflow run $run_id (attempt $consecutive_failures/$max_consecutive_failures, retrying...)"
            sleep $POLL_INTERVAL
        fi
    done
}

get_latest_run_id() {
    local workflow_file="$1"
    local output
    while true; do
        if output=$(gh run list --workflow="$workflow_file" --limit=1 --json databaseId -q '.[0].databaseId' 2>&1); then
            echo "$output"
            return 0
        fi
        if ! is_rate_limit_error "$output"; then
            warning "Failed to list runs for '$workflow_file': $output" >&2
            return 1
        fi
        wait_for_rate_limit_reset "listing runs for $workflow_file" >&2
    done
}

is_rate_limit_error() {
    local output="$1"
    [[ "$output" == *"API rate limit exceeded"* || "$output" == *"rate limit exceeded"* ]]
}

# Pause all API-dependent work until GitHub's current core quota resets.
wait_for_rate_limit_reset() {
    local context="${1:-calling the GitHub API}"
    local result remaining limit reset_ts reset_time now sleep_sec
    result=$(gh api -H "Cache-Control: no-cache" rate_limit 2>/dev/null) || result=""
    remaining=$(echo "$result" | jq -r '.resources.core.remaining // .rate.remaining // empty' 2>/dev/null)
    limit=$(echo "$result" | jq -r '.resources.core.limit // .rate.limit // empty' 2>/dev/null)
    reset_ts=$(echo "$result" | jq -r '.resources.core.reset // .rate.reset // empty' 2>/dev/null)

    if [[ -n "$reset_ts" && "$reset_ts" =~ ^[0-9]+$ && "${remaining:-0}" -lt "$RATE_LIMIT_THRESHOLD" ]]; then
        now=$(date +%s)
        sleep_sec=$((reset_ts - now + 15))
        reset_time=$(date -d "@$reset_ts" '+%H:%M:%S' 2>/dev/null \
            || date -r "$reset_ts" '+%H:%M:%S' 2>/dev/null \
            || echo "@${reset_ts}")
        warning "GitHub API rate limit exhausted while $context (${remaining}/${limit}). Sleeping ${sleep_sec}s until ${reset_time} UTC..."
        (( sleep_sec > 0 )) && sleep "$sleep_sec"
    else
        warning "GitHub reported a rate limit error while $context, but reset metadata was unavailable. Retrying in 60s..."
        sleep 60
    fi
}

# Print the current GitHub REST API rate limit status.
# The /rate_limit endpoint does not itself consume any quota.
check_api_rate_limit() {
    local result
    result=$(gh api -H "Cache-Control: no-cache" rate_limit 2>/dev/null) || { warning "Could not read GitHub API rate limit"; return 0; }
    local remaining limit reset_ts reset_time
    remaining=$(echo "$result" | jq -r '.rate.remaining')
    limit=$(echo "$result"     | jq -r '.rate.limit')
    reset_ts=$(echo "$result"  | jq -r '.rate.reset')
    reset_time=$(date -d "@$reset_ts" '+%H:%M:%S' 2>/dev/null \
        || date -r "$reset_ts" '+%H:%M:%S' 2>/dev/null \
        || echo "@${reset_ts}")
    info "GitHub API rate limit: ${remaining}/${limit} remaining (resets ${reset_time} UTC)"
}

# If the GitHub REST API remaining quota is below RATE_LIMIT_THRESHOLD, sleep
# until the window resets (plus a small buffer). Prints quota status either way.
throttle_if_rate_limited() {
    local result
    result=$(gh api -H "Cache-Control: no-cache" rate_limit 2>/dev/null) || return 0
    local remaining limit reset_ts reset_time
    remaining=$(echo "$result" | jq -r '.rate.remaining')
    limit=$(echo "$result"     | jq -r '.rate.limit')
    reset_ts=$(echo "$result"  | jq -r '.rate.reset')
    reset_time=$(date -d "@$reset_ts" '+%H:%M:%S' 2>/dev/null \
        || date -r "$reset_ts" '+%H:%M:%S' 2>/dev/null \
        || echo "@${reset_ts}")
    if (( remaining < RATE_LIMIT_THRESHOLD )); then
        local now sleep_sec
        now=$(date +%s)
        sleep_sec=$(( reset_ts - now + 15 ))
        warning "GitHub API rate limit low: ${remaining}/${limit} remaining (threshold=${RATE_LIMIT_THRESHOLD}). Sleeping ${sleep_sec}s until reset at ${reset_time} UTC..."
        if (( sleep_sec > 0 )); then
            if [[ -n "${E2E_TEST_THROTTLE_FILE:-}" ]]; then
                local prior_throttle_seconds=0
                read -r prior_throttle_seconds < "$E2E_TEST_THROTTLE_FILE" || prior_throttle_seconds=0
                printf '%s\n' "$((prior_throttle_seconds + sleep_sec))" > "$E2E_TEST_THROTTLE_FILE"
            fi
            sleep "$sleep_sec"
        fi
        info "Rate limit window reset. Resuming."
    else
        info "GitHub API rate limit: ${remaining}/${limit} remaining (resets ${reset_time} UTC)"
    fi
}

enable_workflow() {
    local workflow_name="$1"
    local track_globally="${2:-true}"  # Default to tracking globally for cleanup
    
    info "Enabling workflow '$workflow_name'..."
    # Redirect gh aw enable output to log file to prevent terminal control codes from clearing previous output
    local rc command_output
    while true; do
        command_output=$(timeout 120s $GH_AW_BIN enable "$workflow_name" 2>&1)
        rc=$?
        printf '%s\n' "$command_output" >> "$LOG_FILE"
        if [[ $rc -eq 0 ]] || ! is_rate_limit_error "$command_output"; then
            break
        fi
        wait_for_rate_limit_reset "enabling workflow $workflow_name"
    done
    if [[ $rc -eq 0 ]]; then
        success "Successfully enabled '$workflow_name'"
        
        # Add to global tracking for cleanup on exit (unless disabled immediately after)
        if [[ "$track_globally" == "true" ]]; then
            (
                flock -x 200
                GLOBAL_WORKFLOWS_TO_DISABLE+=("$workflow_name")
                # Also write to temp file for persistence across subprocesses
                echo "$workflow_name" >> "/tmp/e2e-workflows-list-$$.txt"
            ) 200>"$GLOBAL_WORKFLOWS_LOCK" 2>/dev/null || true
        fi
        
        return 0
    else
        error "Failed to enable '$workflow_name' (exit code: $rc)"
        return 1
    fi
}

disable_workflow() {
    local workflow_name="$1"
    
    info "Disabling workflow '$workflow_name'..."
    local rc command_output
    while true; do
        command_output=$(timeout 120s $GH_AW_BIN disable "$workflow_name" 2>&1)
        rc=$?
        printf '%s\n' "$command_output" >> "$LOG_FILE"
        if [[ $rc -eq 0 ]] || ! is_rate_limit_error "$command_output"; then
            break
        fi
        wait_for_rate_limit_reset "disabling workflow $workflow_name"
    done
    if [[ $rc -eq 0 ]]; then
        success "Successfully disabled '$workflow_name'"
        
        # Remove from global tracking (unless we're in cleanup mode)
        if [[ "${CLEANUP_DONE:-false}" != "true" ]]; then
            (
                flock -x 200
                # Remove from temp file
                if [[ -f "/tmp/e2e-workflows-list-$$.txt" ]]; then
                    grep -v "^${workflow_name}$" "/tmp/e2e-workflows-list-$$.txt" > "/tmp/e2e-workflows-list-$$.txt.tmp" 2>/dev/null || true
                    mv "/tmp/e2e-workflows-list-$$.txt.tmp" "/tmp/e2e-workflows-list-$$.txt" 2>/dev/null || true
                fi
            ) 200>"$GLOBAL_WORKFLOWS_LOCK" 2>/dev/null || true
        fi
        
        return 0
    else
        warning "Failed to disable '$workflow_name' (exit code: $rc; may already be disabled)"
        return 0  # Don't fail the test if disable fails
    fi
}

trigger_workflow_dispatch_and_await_completion() {
    local workflow_name="$1"
    local expected_conclusion="${2:-success}"
    local workflow_file="${workflow_name}.lock.yml"
    
    info "Triggering workflow_dispatch for '$workflow_name'..."
    
    # Enable the workflow first
    # NOTE: This must return early only when enabling fails. A prior bug
    # inverted this condition causing immediate failure even when enable succeeded.
    if ! enable_workflow "$workflow_name"; then
        return 1
    fi
    
    # Get the run ID before triggering
    local before_run_id
    if ! before_run_id=$(get_latest_run_id "$workflow_file"); then
        error "Could not read the current run ID for '$workflow_name'"
        disable_workflow "$workflow_name"
        return 1
    fi
    
    # Trigger the workflow using gh aw run
    local -a run_args=("$workflow_name")
    if [[ -n "$DISPATCH_REF" ]]; then
        run_args+=(--ref "$DISPATCH_REF")
    fi
    throttle_if_rate_limited
    if $GH_AW_BIN run "${run_args[@]}" &>> "$LOG_FILE"; then
        success "Successfully triggered '$workflow_name'"
        
        # Wait a bit for the new run to appear
        sleep 5
        
        # Get the new run ID
        local after_run_id
        if ! after_run_id=$(get_latest_run_id "$workflow_file"); then
            error "Could not discover the new workflow run for '$workflow_name'"
            disable_workflow "$workflow_name"
            return 1
        fi
        
        if [[ "$after_run_id" != "$before_run_id" && -n "$after_run_id" ]]; then
            local result=0
            TEST_RUN_URLS["$workflow_name"]="https://github.com/$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME/actions/runs/$after_run_id"
            wait_for_workflow "$workflow_name" "$after_run_id" "$expected_conclusion" || result=1
            
            # Disable the workflow after running
            disable_workflow "$workflow_name"
            
            return $result
        else
            error "Could not find new workflow run for '$workflow_name'"
            disable_workflow "$workflow_name"
            return 1
        fi
    else
        error "Failed to trigger '$workflow_name'"
        disable_workflow "$workflow_name"
        return 1
    fi
}

validate_workflow_log_contains() {
    local workflow_name="$1"
    local expected_text="$2"
    local run_url="${TEST_RUN_URLS[$workflow_name]:-}"
    local run_id="${run_url##*/}"

    if [[ -z "$run_url" || -z "$run_id" ]]; then
        error "No workflow run ID available to validate '$workflow_name'"
        return 1
    fi

    local run_log
    if ! run_log=$(gh run view "$run_id" --log 2>> "$LOG_FILE"); then
        error "Could not read logs for '$workflow_name' run #$run_id"
        return 1
    fi
    if grep -Fq "$expected_text" <<< "$run_log"; then
        success "Workflow '$workflow_name' emitted the expected diagnostic: $expected_text"
        return 0
    fi

    error "Workflow '$workflow_name' did not emit the expected diagnostic: $expected_text"
    return 1
}

validate_report_incomplete_output() {
    local workflow_name="$1"
    local expected_reason="$2"
    local run_url="${TEST_RUN_URLS[$workflow_name]:-}"
    local run_id="${run_url##*/}"

    if [[ -z "$run_url" || -z "$run_id" ]]; then
        error "No workflow run ID available to validate '$workflow_name'"
        return 1
    fi

    local artifact_dir
    artifact_dir=$(mktemp -d)
    if ! gh run download "$run_id" --name agent --dir "$artifact_dir" &>> "$LOG_FILE"; then
        error "Could not download the agent artifact for '$workflow_name' run #$run_id"
        rm -rf "$artifact_dir"
        return 1
    fi

    local output_file="$artifact_dir/agent_output.json"
    if [[ -f "$output_file" ]] \
        && jq -e --arg reason "$expected_reason" \
            '.items[]? | select(.type == "report_incomplete" and .reason == $reason)' \
            "$output_file" &>/dev/null; then
        success "Workflow '$workflow_name' emitted report_incomplete with the expected reason: $expected_reason"
        rm -rf "$artifact_dir"
        return 0
    fi

    local actual_reasons=""
    if [[ -f "$output_file" ]]; then
        actual_reasons=$(jq -r '[.items[]? | select(.type == "report_incomplete") | .reason] | join(", ")' "$output_file" 2>/dev/null)
    fi
    error "Workflow '$workflow_name' did not emit report_incomplete with reason '$expected_reason'. Actual reasons: ${actual_reasons:-none}"
    rm -rf "$artifact_dir"
    return 1
}

trigger_workflow_with_inputs() {
    local workflow_name="$1"
    shift
    local inputs=("$@")
    local workflow_file="${workflow_name}.lock.yml"
    
    info "Triggering workflow_dispatch for '$workflow_name' with inputs..."
    
    # Enable the workflow first
    if ! enable_workflow "$workflow_name"; then
        return 1
    fi
    
    # Get the run ID before triggering
    local before_run_id
    if ! before_run_id=$(get_latest_run_id "$workflow_file"); then
        error "Could not read the current run ID for '$workflow_name'"
        disable_workflow "$workflow_name"
        return 1
    fi
    
    # Build the gh workflow run command with inputs
    local cmd="gh workflow run \"$workflow_file\""
    if [[ -n "$DISPATCH_REF" ]]; then
        cmd+=" --ref \"$DISPATCH_REF\""
    fi
    for input in "${inputs[@]}"; do
        cmd+=" -f $input"
    done
    cmd+=" &>> \"$LOG_FILE\""
    
    # Trigger the workflow using gh workflow run with inputs
    throttle_if_rate_limited
    if eval "$cmd"; then
        success "Successfully triggered '$workflow_name' with inputs"
        
        # Wait a bit for the new run to appear
        sleep 5
        
        # Get the new run ID
        local after_run_id
        if ! after_run_id=$(get_latest_run_id "$workflow_file"); then
            error "Could not discover the new workflow run for '$workflow_name'"
            disable_workflow "$workflow_name"
            return 1
        fi
        
        if [[ "$after_run_id" != "$before_run_id" && -n "$after_run_id" ]]; then
            local result=0
            TEST_RUN_URLS["$workflow_name"]="https://github.com/$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME/actions/runs/$after_run_id"
            wait_for_workflow "$workflow_name" "$after_run_id" || result=1
            
            # Disable the workflow after running
            disable_workflow "$workflow_name"
            
            return $result
        else
            error "Could not find new workflow run for '$workflow_name'"
            disable_workflow "$workflow_name"
            return 1
        fi
    else
        error "Failed to trigger '$workflow_name'"
        disable_workflow "$workflow_name"
        return 1
    fi
}

# Close E2E resources missed by per-test cleanup. Resources are considered
# E2E-owned when GitHub Actions created them or their body has an E2E marker.
# Reports, test suggestions, and all Copilot-authored PRs are always kept.
cleanup_test_resources() {
    local cutoff="$1"
    local time_filter="${2:-before}"
    local description="older than 6h"
    [[ "$time_filter" == "since" ]] && description="created during this run"
    info "Closing E2E test issues/PRs $description..."

    # ---- Issues (skip protected labels) ----
    local _stale_issues _count=0
    _stale_issues=$(gh issue list \
        --repo "$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME" \
        --state open --limit 500 \
        --json number,createdAt,labels,author,body 2>/dev/null \
        | jq -r --arg c "$cutoff" --arg mode "$time_filter" '
            .[] | select(if $mode == "since" then .createdAt >= $c else .createdAt < $c end)
            | select((.author.login == "app/github-actions") or ((.body // "") | contains("e2e-marker:")))
            | select(
                (.labels | map(.name) |
                 (contains(["e2e-status-report"]) or
                  contains(["suggested new test"]) or
                  contains(["agentic-workflows"])))
                | not)
            | .number' 2>/dev/null || true)
    if [[ -n "$_stale_issues" ]]; then
        while IFS= read -r _n; do
            [[ -z "$_n" ]] && continue
            gh issue close "$_n" --repo "$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME" \
                --comment "Closed by e2e test-resource cleanup ($description)" \
                &>> "$LOG_FILE" 2>/dev/null || true
            _count=$((_count + 1))
        done <<< "$_stale_issues"
    fi
    local _issue_count=$_count

    # ---- Pull requests (never close Copilot-authored PRs) ----
    _count=0
    local _stale_prs
    _stale_prs=$(gh pr list \
        --repo "$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME" \
        --state open --limit 500 \
        --json number,createdAt,labels,author,body 2>/dev/null \
        | jq -r --arg c "$cutoff" --arg mode "$time_filter" '
            .[] | select(if $mode == "since" then .createdAt >= $c else .createdAt < $c end)
            | select(((.author.login // "") | ascii_downcase | contains("copilot")) | not)
            | select((.author.login == "app/github-actions") or ((.body // "") | contains("e2e-marker:")))
            | select(
                (.labels | map(.name) |
                 (contains(["e2e-status-report"]) or
                  contains(["suggested new test"]) or
                  contains(["agentic-workflows"])))
                | not)
            | .number' 2>/dev/null || true)
    if [[ -n "$_stale_prs" ]]; then
        while IFS= read -r _n; do
            [[ -z "$_n" ]] && continue
            gh pr close "$_n" --repo "$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME" \
                &>> "$LOG_FILE" 2>/dev/null || true
            _count=$((_count + 1))
        done <<< "$_stale_prs"
    fi

    if [[ $_issue_count -gt 0 || $_count -gt 0 ]]; then
        success "E2E cleanup: closed $_issue_count issue(s) and $_count PR(s) $description"
    else
        info "No E2E test issues or PRs found $description"
    fi
}

cleanup_stale_resources() {
    local cutoff
    cutoff=$(date -u -d '6 hours ago' '+%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ' 2>/dev/null) \
        || cutoff=$(date -u -v-6H '+%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ' 2>/dev/null) \
        || { warning "Could not calculate 6h cutoff; skipping stale cleanup"; return 0; }
    cleanup_test_resources "$cutoff" before
}

create_test_issue() {
    local title="$1"
    local body="$2"
    local labels="${3:-}"
    local repo="${4:-}"
    
    local repo_flag=""
    if [[ -n "$repo" ]]; then
        repo_flag="--repo $repo"
    fi

    # Parallel-safety marker: lets each workflow's `if:` filter accept only its own trigger
    if [[ -n "${E2E_TRIGGER_MARKER:-}" ]]; then
        body+=$'\n\n'"$E2E_TRIGGER_MARKER"
    fi

    local issue_url
    if [[ -n "$labels" ]]; then
        issue_url=$(gh issue create $repo_flag --title "$title" --body "$body" --label "$labels" 2>/dev/null)
    else
        issue_url=$(gh issue create $repo_flag --title "$title" --body "$body" 2>/dev/null)
    fi
    
    if [[ -n "$issue_url" ]]; then
        local issue_number=$(echo "$issue_url" | grep -o '[0-9]\+$')
        # Track for per-test cleanup
        if [[ -n "${E2E_TEST_RESOURCE_FILE:-}" && -n "$issue_number" ]]; then
            echo "issue|$issue_number|${4:-}" >> "$E2E_TEST_RESOURCE_FILE" 2>/dev/null || true
        fi
        echo "$issue_number"
    else
        echo ""
    fi
}

create_test_discussion() {
    local title="$1"
    local body="$2"
    local category="${3:-General}"
    local repo="${4:-}"
    
    local owner="$REPO_OWNER"
    local name="$REPO_NAME"
    if [[ -n "$repo" ]]; then
        owner=$(echo "$repo" | cut -d/ -f1)
        name=$(echo "$repo" | cut -d/ -f2)
    fi
    
    # Get repository ID using GraphQL
    local repo_query="{
      repository(owner: \"$owner\", name: \"$name\") {
        id
      }
    }"
    local repo_id=$(gh api graphql -f query="$repo_query" --jq '.data.repository.id' 2>/dev/null)
    
    # Get category ID using GraphQL  
    local category_query="{
      repository(owner: \"$owner\", name: \"$name\") {
        discussionCategories(first: 10) {
          nodes {
            id
            name
          }
        }
      }
    }"
    local category_id=$(gh api graphql -f query="$category_query" --jq ".data.repository.discussionCategories.nodes[] | select(.name==\"$category\") | .id" 2>/dev/null)
    
    if [[ -z "$repo_id" || -z "$category_id" ]]; then
        echo ""
        return
    fi
    
    # Parallel-safety marker (see create_test_issue)
    if [[ -n "${E2E_TRIGGER_MARKER:-}" ]]; then
        body+=$'\n\n'"$E2E_TRIGGER_MARKER"
    fi

    # Escape body for embedding in GraphQL string literal
    local body_escaped=${body//\\/\\\\}
    body_escaped=${body_escaped//\"/\\\"}
    body_escaped=${body_escaped//$'\n'/\\n}

    # Create discussion using GraphQL mutation
    local mutation="mutation {
      createDiscussion(input: {
        repositoryId: \"$repo_id\"
        categoryId: \"$category_id\"
        title: \"$title\"
        body: \"$body_escaped\"
      }) {
        discussion {
          number
        }
      }
    }"
    local discussion_data=$(gh api graphql -f query="$mutation" --jq '.data.createDiscussion.discussion.number // empty' 2>/dev/null)
    
    if [[ -n "$discussion_data" ]]; then
        echo "$discussion_data"
    else
        echo ""
    fi
}

create_test_pr() {
    local title="$1"
    local body="$2"
    local repo="${3:-}"
    local author_token="${4:-}"
    local branch="test-pr-$(date +%s)-${BASHPID:-$$}-$RANDOM"

    # Parallel-safety marker (see create_test_issue)
    if [[ -n "${E2E_TRIGGER_MARKER:-}" ]]; then
        body+=$'\n\n'"$E2E_TRIGGER_MARKER"
    fi

    local repo_flag=""
    local api_repo=":owner/:repo"
    if [[ -n "$repo" ]]; then
        repo_flag="--repo $repo"
        api_repo="$repo"
    fi
    
    # Create a remote branch from main without changing local git state
    if [[ -n "$repo" ]]; then
        git push "https://github.com/$repo.git" "main:$branch" &>/dev/null
    else
        git push origin "main:$branch" &>/dev/null
    fi
    
    # Create a commit on the remote branch using GitHub API to make it different from main
    local commit_message="Test commit for PR"
    local file_content="# Test PR Content\n\nThis is a test file created for PR testing at $(date)"
    local file_path="test-file-$(date +%s)-${BASHPID:-$$}-$RANDOM.md"
    
    # Get the current SHA of the branch
    local remote_url="origin"
    if [[ -n "$repo" ]]; then
        remote_url="https://github.com/$repo.git"
    fi
    local current_sha=$(git ls-remote --heads "$remote_url" "$branch" 2>/dev/null | cut -f1)
    
    if [[ -n "$current_sha" ]]; then
        # Create a new file on the branch using GitHub API
        gh api repos/"$api_repo"/contents/"$file_path" \
            --method PUT \
            --field message="$commit_message" \
            --field content="$(echo -e "$file_content" | base64 -w 0)" \
            --field branch="$branch" &>/dev/null
        
        # Create a PR using the GitHub CLI
        local pr_url
        if [[ -n "$author_token" ]]; then
            pr_url=$(GH_TOKEN="$author_token" gh pr create $repo_flag --title "$title" --body "$body" --head "$branch" --base main 2>/dev/null)
        else
            pr_url=$(gh pr create $repo_flag --title "$title" --body "$body" --head "$branch" --base main 2>/dev/null)
        fi
        
        if [[ -n "$pr_url" ]]; then
            local pr_number=$(echo "$pr_url" | grep -o '[0-9]\+$')
            # Track for per-test cleanup
            if [[ -n "${E2E_TEST_RESOURCE_FILE:-}" && -n "$pr_number" ]]; then
                echo "pr|$pr_number|${repo:-}" >> "$E2E_TEST_RESOURCE_FILE" 2>/dev/null || true
                echo "branch|$branch|${api_repo}" >> "$E2E_TEST_RESOURCE_FILE" 2>/dev/null || true
            fi
            echo "$pr_number"
        else
            echo ""
        fi
    else
        echo ""
    fi
}

create_test_pr_with_branch() {
    local title="$1"
    local body="$2"
    local repo="${3:-}"
    local branch="test-pr-$(date +%s)-${BASHPID:-$$}-$RANDOM"

    # Parallel-safety marker (see create_test_issue)
    if [[ -n "${E2E_TRIGGER_MARKER:-}" ]]; then
        body+=$'\n\n'"$E2E_TRIGGER_MARKER"
    fi

    local repo_flag=""
    local api_repo=":owner/:repo"
    if [[ -n "$repo" ]]; then
        repo_flag="--repo $repo"
        api_repo="$repo"
    fi

    # Create the remote branch via gh api. `git push` against a cross-repo
    # HTTPS URL has no credentials on the runner and was silently failing,
    # leaving siderepo PR tests without a PR to trigger from.
    local main_sha=$(gh api repos/"$api_repo"/git/refs/heads/main --jq '.object.sha' 2>/dev/null)
    if [[ -z "$main_sha" ]]; then
        echo ""
        return
    fi
    gh api repos/"$api_repo"/git/refs \
        --method POST \
        --field ref="refs/heads/$branch" \
        --field sha="$main_sha" &>/dev/null

    # Create a commit on the remote branch using GitHub API to make it different from main
    local commit_message="Test commit for PR"
    local file_content="# Test PR Content\n\nThis is a test file created for PR testing at $(date)"
    local file_path="test-file-$(date +%s)-${BASHPID:-$$}-$RANDOM.md"

    # Confirm the branch ref exists on the remote before adding a commit
    local initial_sha=$(gh api repos/"$api_repo"/git/refs/heads/"$branch" --jq '.object.sha' 2>/dev/null)

    if [[ -n "$initial_sha" ]]; then
        # Create a new file on the branch using GitHub API
        gh api repos/"$api_repo"/contents/"$file_path" \
            --method PUT \
            --field message="$commit_message" \
            --field content="$(echo -e "$file_content" | base64 -w 0)" \
            --field branch="$branch" &>/dev/null

        # Get the SHA after creating the test commit
        local after_commit_sha=$(gh api repos/"$api_repo"/git/refs/heads/"$branch" --jq '.object.sha' 2>/dev/null)

        # Create a PR using the GitHub CLI
        local pr_url=$(gh pr create $repo_flag --title "$title" --body "$body" --head "$branch" --base main 2>/dev/null)

        if [[ -n "$pr_url" ]]; then
            local pr_number=$(echo "$pr_url" | grep -o '[0-9]\+$')
            # Track for per-test cleanup
            if [[ -n "${E2E_TEST_RESOURCE_FILE:-}" && -n "$pr_number" ]]; then
                echo "pr|$pr_number|${repo:-}" >> "$E2E_TEST_RESOURCE_FILE" 2>/dev/null || true
                echo "branch|$branch|${api_repo}" >> "$E2E_TEST_RESOURCE_FILE" 2>/dev/null || true
            fi
            echo "$pr_number,$branch,$after_commit_sha,$repo"
        else
            echo ""
        fi
    else
        echo ""
    fi
}

post_issue_command() {
    local issue_number="$1"
    local command="$2"
    local repo="${3:-}"
    
    local repo_flag=""
    if [[ -n "$repo" ]]; then
        repo_flag="--repo $repo"
    fi
    
    gh issue comment $repo_flag "$issue_number" --body "$command" &>/dev/null
}

post_pr_command() {
    local pr_number="$1"
    local command="$2"
    local repo="${3:-}"
    
    local repo_flag=""
    if [[ -n "$repo" ]]; then
        repo_flag="--repo $repo"
    fi
    
    gh pr comment $repo_flag "$pr_number" --body "$command" &>/dev/null
}

validate_issue_created() {
    local title_prefix="$1"
    local expected_labels="$2"
    local repo="${3:-}"
    local exact_title="${4:-}"
    local workflow_name="${5:-}"
    VALIDATED_ISSUE_NUMBER=""
    
    local repo_flag=""
    local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
    if [[ -n "$repo" ]]; then
        repo_flag="--repo $repo"
        repo_url="$repo"
    fi
    
    local run_url=""
    if [[ -n "$workflow_name" ]]; then
        run_url="${TEST_RUN_URLS[$workflow_name]:-}"
        if [[ -z "$run_url" ]]; then
            error "No workflow run URL available to validate the issue created by '$workflow_name'"
            return 1
        fi
    fi

    local issues_json
    if ! issues_json=$(gh issue list $repo_flag --limit 100 --json number,title,labels,body 2>> "$LOG_FILE"); then
        error "Could not list issues while validating '$workflow_name'"
        return 1
    fi
    local issue_number
    issue_number=$(jq -r \
        --arg title_prefix "$title_prefix" \
        --arg exact_title "$exact_title" \
        --arg run_url "$run_url" \
        '.[]
            | select(if $exact_title == "" then (.title | startswith($title_prefix)) else .title == $exact_title end)
            | select($run_url == "" or (.body | contains($run_url)))
            | .number' <<< "$issues_json" | head -1)
    
    if [[ -n "$issue_number" ]]; then
        VALIDATED_ISSUE_NUMBER="$issue_number"
        if [[ -n "$expected_labels" ]]; then
            local labels=$(gh issue view $repo_flag "$issue_number" --json labels --jq '.labels[].name' | tr '\n' ',' | sed 's/,$//')
            for label in ${expected_labels//,/ }; do
                if [[ "$labels" != *"$label"* ]]; then
                    error "Issue #$issue_number missing expected label: '$label'. Actual labels: '$labels'"
                    return 1
                fi
            done
        fi
        success "Issue #$issue_number created successfully with expected properties, URL: https://github.com/$repo_url/issues/$issue_number"
        # Track for per-test cleanup
        if [[ -n "${E2E_TEST_RESOURCE_FILE:-}" ]]; then
            echo "issue|$issue_number|${3:-}" >> "$E2E_TEST_RESOURCE_FILE" 2>/dev/null || true
        fi
        return 0
    else
        error "No issue found with title prefix '$title_prefix' owned by workflow run: ${run_url:-unspecified}"
        return 1
    fi
}

validate_issue_body_contains() {
    local issue_number="$1"
    local expected_text="$2"
    local repo="${3:-}"
    local repo_flag=""
    [[ -n "$repo" ]] && repo_flag="--repo $repo"

    local body
    body=$(gh issue view $repo_flag "$issue_number" --json body --jq '.body' 2>/dev/null || echo "")
    if [[ "$body" == *"$expected_text"* ]]; then
        success "Issue #$issue_number body contains expected text: $expected_text"
        return 0
    fi
    warning "(polling) Issue #$issue_number body missing expected text: $expected_text"
    return 1
}

validate_issue_closed_as_duplicate() {
    local issue_number="$1"
    local repo="${2:-$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME}"
    local issue_data
    issue_data=$(gh issue view "$issue_number" --repo "$repo" --json state,stateReason 2>/dev/null || echo '{}')
    if [[ "$(echo "$issue_data" | jq -r '.state // empty')" == "CLOSED" \
        && "$(echo "$issue_data" | jq -r '.stateReason // empty')" == "DUPLICATE" ]]; then
        success "Issue #$issue_number was closed with the native duplicate reason"
        return 0
    fi
    error "Issue #$issue_number was not closed as a native duplicate"
    return 1
}

validate_comment() {
    local issue_number="$1"
    local expected_comment_text="$2"
    local repo="${3:-}"
    
    local repo_flag=""
    if [[ -n "$repo" ]]; then
        repo_flag="--repo $repo"
    fi
    
    local comments=$(gh issue view $repo_flag "$issue_number" --json comments --jq '.comments[].body')
    
    if echo "$comments" | grep -qF "$expected_comment_text"; then
        success "Issue #$issue_number has expected comment containing: $expected_comment_text"
        return 0
    else
        warning "(polling) Issue #$issue_number missing expected comment containing: '$expected_comment_text'. Actual comments: ${comments:0:200}..."
        return 1
    fi
}

validate_labels() {
    local issue_number="$1"
    local expected_label="$2"
    local repo="${3:-}"
    
    local repo_flag=""
    if [[ -n "$repo" ]]; then
        repo_flag="--repo $repo"
    fi
    
    local labels=$(gh issue view $repo_flag "$issue_number" --json labels --jq '.labels[].name' | tr '\n' ',')
    
    if [[ "$labels" == *"$expected_label"* ]]; then
        success "Issue #$issue_number has expected label: $expected_label"
        return 0
    else
        warning "(polling) Issue #$issue_number missing expected label: '$expected_label'. Actual labels: '$labels'"
        return 1
    fi
}

validate_issue_updated() {
    local issue_number="$1"
    local ai_type="$2"  # "Claude", "Codex", or "Copilot"
    local repo="${3:-}"
    
    local repo_flag=""
    if [[ -n "$repo" ]]; then
        repo_flag="--repo $repo"
    fi
    
    # Check for various signs that the issue was updated by the AI
    local issue_data=$(gh issue view $repo_flag "$issue_number" --json title,body,comments,labels,state 2>/dev/null)
    
    if [[ -z "$issue_data" ]]; then
        error "Could not retrieve issue #$issue_number data"
        return 1
    fi
    
    local title_success=false
    local body_success=false
    local state_success=false
    
    # Check if title was updated
    local title=$(echo "$issue_data" | jq -r '.title')
    if [[ "$title" == *"Processed by $ai_type"* ]]; then
        success "Issue #$issue_number title was updated by $ai_type"
        title_success=true
    else
        warning "(polling) Issue #$issue_number title does not show expected update by $ai_type. Expected pattern: 'Processed by $ai_type'. Actual title: '$title'"
    fi
    
    # Check if body was updated
    local body=$(echo "$issue_data" | jq -r '.body')
    if [[ "$body" == *"updated by"* ]]; then
        success "Issue #$issue_number body was updated by $ai_type"
        body_success=true
    else
        warning "(polling) Issue #$issue_number body does not show expected update by $ai_type. Expected pattern: 'updated by'. Actual body: ${body:0:200}..."
    fi
    
    # Check for status closed (case-insensitive)
    local state=$(echo "$issue_data" | jq -r '.state')
    local state_lc="${state,,}"  # convert to lowercase for comparison

    if [[ "$state_lc" == "closed" ]]; then
        success "Issue #$issue_number was closed, indicating it was processed"
        state_success=true
    else
        warning "(polling) Issue #$issue_number is still open (state $state). Expected it to be closed after processing."
    fi
    
    # Only return success if all three checks passed
    if [[ "$title_success" == true ]] && [[ "$body_success" == true ]] && [[ "$state_success" == true ]]; then
        success "Issue #$issue_number validation passed: all checks (title, body, state) succeeded"
        return 0
    else
        warning "(polling) Issue #$issue_number validation incomplete: title=$title_success, body=$body_success, state=$state_success"
        return 1
    fi
}

validate_pr_created() {
    local title_prefix="$1"
    local repo="${2:-}"
    
    local repo_flag=""
    local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
    if [[ -n "$repo" ]]; then
        repo_flag="--repo $repo"
        repo_url="$repo"
    fi
    
    # Look for recently created PRs with the title prefix
    local pr_number=$(gh pr list $repo_flag --limit 10 --json number,title --jq ".[] | select(.title | startswith(\"$title_prefix\")) | .number" | head -1)
    
    if [[ -n "$pr_number" ]]; then
        success "PR #$pr_number created successfully, https://github.com/$repo_url/pull/$pr_number"
        # Track for per-test cleanup
        if [[ -n "${E2E_TEST_RESOURCE_FILE:-}" ]]; then
            echo "pr|$pr_number|${2:-}" >> "$E2E_TEST_RESOURCE_FILE" 2>/dev/null || true
        fi
        return 0
    else
        error "No PR found with title prefix: $title_prefix"
        return 1
    fi
}

validate_two_prs_created() {
    local title_prefix="$1"
    local repo="${2:-}"
    
    local repo_flag=""
    local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
    if [[ -n "$repo" ]]; then
        repo_flag="--repo $repo"
        repo_url="$repo"
    fi
    
    # Look for recently created PRs with the title prefix
    local pr_numbers=$(gh pr list $repo_flag --limit 20 --json number,title --jq ".[] | select(.title | startswith(\"$title_prefix\")) | .number")
    local pr_count=$(echo "$pr_numbers" | grep -c '^')
    
    if [[ $pr_count -ge 2 ]]; then
        local pr_list=$(echo "$pr_numbers" | head -2 | tr '\n' ', ' | sed 's/,$//')
        success "Two PRs created successfully: #$pr_list"
        echo "$pr_numbers" | head -2 | while read -r pr_num; do
            success "  - PR #$pr_num: https://github.com/$repo_url/pull/$pr_num"
            # Track for per-test cleanup
            if [[ -n "${E2E_TEST_RESOURCE_FILE:-}" ]]; then
                echo "pr|$pr_num|${2:-}" >> "$E2E_TEST_RESOURCE_FILE" 2>/dev/null || true
            fi
        done
        return 0
    else
        error "Expected 2 PRs with title prefix '$title_prefix', but found $pr_count"
        if [[ $pr_count -gt 0 ]]; then
            echo "$pr_numbers" | while read -r pr_num; do
                warning "  - Found PR #$pr_num: https://github.com/$repo_url/pull/$pr_num"
            done
        fi
        return 1
    fi
}


validate_discussion_created() {
    local title_prefix="$1"
    local expected_labels="$2"
    local repo="${3:-}"
    
    local api_repo=":owner/:repo"
    local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
    if [[ -n "$repo" ]]; then
        api_repo="$repo"
        repo_url="$repo"
    fi
    
    # Look for recently created discussions with the title prefix
    # Note: GitHub CLI discussions support may be limited, so we use API
    local discussions=$(gh api repos/"$api_repo"/discussions --paginate --jq ".[] | select(.title | startswith(\"$title_prefix\")) | .number" 2>/dev/null | head -1)
    
    if [[ -n "$discussions" ]]; then
        local discussion_number="$discussions"
        success "Discussion #$discussion_number created successfully with title prefix '$title_prefix', URL: https://github.com/$repo_url/discussions/$discussion_number"
        return 0
    else
        error "No discussion found with title prefix: $title_prefix"
        return 1
    fi
}

validate_code_scanning_alert() {
    local workflow_name="$1"
    local repo="${2:-}"
    
    local api_repo=":owner/:repo"
    if [[ -n "$repo" ]]; then
        api_repo="$repo"
    fi
    
    # Determine expected title based on workflow name
    local expected_message
    if [[ "$workflow_name" == *"claude-nosandbox"* ]]; then
        expected_message="Claude (No Sandbox) wants security review."
    elif [[ "$workflow_name" == *"codex-nosandbox"* ]]; then
        expected_message="Codex (No Sandbox) wants security review."
    elif [[ "$workflow_name" == *"copilot-nosandbox"* ]]; then
        expected_message="Copilot (No Sandbox) wants security review."
    elif [[ "$workflow_name" == *"claude"* ]]; then
        expected_message="Claude wants security review."
    elif [[ "$workflow_name" == *"codex"* ]]; then
        expected_message="Codex wants security review."
    elif [[ "$workflow_name" == *"copilot"* ]]; then
        expected_message="Copilot wants security review."
    else
        expected_message="security review"  # Fallback for generic matching
    fi
    
    # Check for code scanning alerts with the specific title
    local code_scanning_alerts=$(gh api repos/"$api_repo"/code-scanning/alerts?state=open --jq ".[] | select(.most_recent_instance.message.text | contains(\"$expected_message\")) | .most_recent_instance.message.text" 2>/dev/null || echo "")
    
    if [[ -n "$code_scanning_alerts" ]]; then
        success "Security report workflow '$workflow_name' created security advisory with expected message: '$expected_message'"
        return 0
    else
        error "Security report workflow '$workflow_name' completed but no code scanning alerts found with expected message: '$expected_message'"
        return 1
    fi
}

MCP_WORKFLOW_ISSUE=""

wait_for_mcp_workflow_issue() {
    local workflow_name="$1"
    local repo="${2:-}"
    local run_url="${TEST_RUN_URLS[$workflow_name]:-}"
    local run_id="${run_url##*/}"
    local api_repo="${repo:-$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME}"
    local max_wait=120
    local waited=0

    if [[ -z "$run_url" || -z "$run_id" ]]; then
        error "No workflow run ID available to validate '$workflow_name'"
        return 1
    fi

    local marker="id: ${run_id}, workflow_id: ${workflow_name},"
    while [[ $waited -lt $max_wait ]]; do
        local issues issue
        if issues=$(gh api "repos/$api_repo/issues?state=all&sort=created&direction=desc&per_page=100" 2>> "$LOG_FILE"); then
            issue=$(jq -c --arg marker "$marker" \
                '[.[] | select((has("pull_request") | not) and ((.body // "") | contains($marker)))][0] // empty' \
                <<< "$issues")
            if [[ -n "$issue" ]]; then
                MCP_WORKFLOW_ISSUE="$issue"
                return 0
            fi
        fi

        info "Waiting for the issue created by '$workflow_name' run #$run_id..."
        sleep "$OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL"
        waited=$((waited + OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL))
    done

    error "Workflow '$workflow_name' completed but no issue from run #$run_id was found"
    return 1
}

validate_mcp_workflow() {
    local workflow_name="$1"
    local repo="${2:-}"
    
    local repo_flag=""
    if [[ -n "$repo" ]]; then
        repo_flag="--repo $repo"
    fi

    if [[ "$workflow_name" == *"mcp-github-remote" || "$workflow_name" == *"mcp-large-json-payload" ]]; then
        MCP_WORKFLOW_ISSUE=""
        if ! wait_for_mcp_workflow_issue "$workflow_name" "$repo"; then
            return 1
        fi

        local issue_title issue_body
        issue_title=$(jq -r '.title' <<< "$MCP_WORKFLOW_ISSUE")
        issue_body=$(jq -r '.body // ""' <<< "$MCP_WORKFLOW_ISSUE")

        if [[ "$workflow_name" == *"mcp-github-remote" ]] \
            && { [[ "$issue_title" == "GitHub remote MCP passed" \
                    && "$issue_body" == *"hosted GitHub MCP server returned repository information"* ]] \
                || [[ "$issue_body" == *"githubnext/gh-aw-test"* \
                    && "$issue_body" =~ \#[0-9]+.*\#[0-9]+.*\#[0-9]+ ]]; }; then
            success "MCP workflow '$workflow_name' produced the expected hosted GitHub MCP result: $issue_title"
            return 0
        fi

        if [[ "$workflow_name" == *"mcp-large-json-payload" ]] \
            && { [[ "$issue_title" == "Large MCP JSON payload passed" \
                    && "$issue_body" == *"large paginated payload"* ]] \
                || [[ "$issue_body" =~ ([Rr]esults?|[Ii]ssues?) \
                    && "$issue_body" =~ [Cc]haracters \
                    && "$issue_body" =~ [0-9]+ ]]; }; then
            success "MCP workflow '$workflow_name' produced the expected large-payload result: $issue_title"
            return 0
        fi

        error "MCP workflow '$workflow_name' produced an issue for its run, but the content was unexpected: $issue_title"
        return 1
    fi
    
    if [[ "$workflow_name" == *"code-quality"* ]]; then
        local code_quality_issues=$(gh issue list $repo_flag --limit 10 --json title,body \
            --jq '.[] | select((.title | contains("Code quality finding")) and
                              ((.body | contains("get_code_quality_finding")) or
                               (.body | contains("code quality finding")))) | .title' | head -1)

        if [[ -n "$code_quality_issues" ]]; then
            success "MCP workflow '$workflow_name' appears to have used code quality MCP tools successfully: $code_quality_issues"
            return 0
        else
            error "MCP workflow '$workflow_name' completed but no clear evidence of code quality MCP tool usage found"
            return 1
        fi
    fi

    # MCP workflows create issues with specific patterns indicating MCP tool usage
    # Search for BOTH title pattern AND MCP-specific content for more specificity
    local recent_issues=$(gh issue list $repo_flag --limit 10 --json title,body \
        --jq '.[] | select((.title | contains("Hello from")) and
                          ((.body | contains("MCP time tool")) or
                           (.body | contains("get_current_time")) or
                           (.body | contains("current time is")))) | .title' | head -1)
    
    if [[ -n "$recent_issues" ]]; then
        success "MCP workflow '$workflow_name' appears to have used MCP tools successfully: $recent_issues"
        return 0
    else
        # More specific fallback: require both title pattern AND time content
        local time_issues=$(gh issue list $repo_flag --limit 10 --json title,body \
            --jq '.[] | select((.title | contains("Hello from")) and 
                              ((.body | contains("time")) or (.body | contains("Time")))) | .title' | head -1)
        
        if [[ -n "$time_issues" ]]; then
            success "MCP workflow '$workflow_name' appears to have used MCP tools successfully (time-based detection): $time_issues"
            return 0
        else
            error "MCP workflow '$workflow_name' completed but no clear evidence of MCP tool usage found"
            return 1
        fi
    fi
}

validate_branch_updated() {
    local branch_name="$1"
    local initial_sha="$2"
    local repo="${3:-}"
    
    local remote_url="origin"
    if [[ -n "$repo" ]]; then
        remote_url="https://github.com/$repo.git"
    fi
    
    local current_sha=$(git ls-remote --heads "$remote_url" "$branch_name" 2>/dev/null | cut -f1)
    
    if [[ -z "$current_sha" ]]; then
        warning "(polling) Branch '$branch_name' not found"
        return 1
    elif [[ "$current_sha" == "$initial_sha" ]]; then
        warning "(polling) Branch '$branch_name' SHA unchanged: $current_sha"
        return 1
    else
        success "Branch '$branch_name' updated successfully: $initial_sha -> $current_sha"
        return 0
    fi
}

validate_pr_reviews() {
    local pr_number="$1"
    local ai_type="$2"  # "Claude", "Codex", or "Copilot"
    local repo="${3:-}"
    
    local api_repo=":owner/:repo"
    if [[ -n "$repo" ]]; then
        api_repo="$repo"
    fi
    
    # Get PR reviews (once a comment is made it shows up as a review)
    local reviews=$(gh api repos/"$api_repo"/pulls/"$pr_number"/reviews 2>/dev/null | jq -r '.[].state // empty' 2>/dev/null || echo "")
    
    if [[ -n "$reviews" ]]; then
        # Check if any comment contains AI-specific content or expected patterns
        success "PR #$pr_number has a review (likely from $ai_type AI workflow)"
        return 0
    else
        warning "(polling) PR #$pr_number missing expected review comments from $ai_type"
        return 1
    fi
}

validate_pr_updated() {
    local pr_number="$1"
    local ai_type="$2"  # "Claude", "Codex", or "Copilot"
    local repo="${3:-}"

    local repo_flag=""
    if [[ -n "$repo" ]]; then
        repo_flag="--repo $repo"
    fi

    local pr_data=$(gh pr view $repo_flag "$pr_number" --json title,body 2>/dev/null)

    if [[ -z "$pr_data" ]]; then
        warning "(polling) Could not retrieve PR #$pr_number data"
        return 1
    fi

    local title_success=false
    local body_success=false

    local title=$(echo "$pr_data" | jq -r '.title')
    if [[ "$title" == *"Processed by $ai_type"* ]]; then
        success "PR #$pr_number title was updated by $ai_type"
        title_success=true
    else
        warning "(polling) PR #$pr_number title not yet updated by $ai_type. Actual: '$title'"
    fi

    local body=$(echo "$pr_data" | jq -r '.body')
    if [[ "$body" == *"automatically updated by"* ]]; then
        success "PR #$pr_number body was updated by $ai_type"
        body_success=true
    else
        warning "(polling) PR #$pr_number body not yet updated by $ai_type. Actual: ${body:0:200}..."
    fi

    if [[ "$title_success" == true ]] && [[ "$body_success" == true ]]; then
        success "PR #$pr_number validation passed: title and body updated"
        return 0
    else
        warning "(polling) PR #$pr_number validation incomplete: title=$title_success, body=$body_success"
        return 1
    fi
}

# Polling functions for workflow validation
wait_for_comment() {
    local issue_number="$1"
    local expected_text="$2"
    local test_name="$3"
    local repo="${4:-}"
    local max_wait=480 # Max wait time in seconds (8 minutes)
    local waited=0
    
    while [[ $waited -lt $max_wait ]]; do
        if validate_comment "$issue_number" "$expected_text" "$repo"; then
            record_test_pass "$test_name"
            return 0
        fi
        info "..."
        sleep "$OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL"
        waited=$((waited + OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL))
    done
    
    record_test_fail "$test_name"
    return 1
}

wait_for_labels() {
    local issue_number="$1"
    local expected_label="$2"
    local test_name="$3"
    local repo="${4:-}"
    local max_wait=480 # Max wait time in seconds (8 minutes)
    local waited=0
    
    while [[ $waited -lt $max_wait ]]; do
        if validate_labels "$issue_number" "$expected_label" "$repo"; then
            record_test_pass "$test_name"
            return 0
        fi
        info "..."
        sleep "$OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL"
        waited=$((waited + OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL))
    done
    
    record_test_fail "$test_name"
    return 1
}

wait_for_issue_update() {
    local issue_number="$1"
    local ai_type="$2"
    local test_name="$3"
    local repo="${4:-}"
    local max_wait=480 # Max wait time in seconds (8 minutes)
    local waited=0
    
    while [[ $waited -lt $max_wait ]]; do
        if validate_issue_updated "$issue_number" "$ai_type" "$repo"; then
            record_test_pass "$test_name"
            return 0
        fi
        info "..."
        sleep "$OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL"
        waited=$((waited + OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL))
    done
    
    record_test_fail "$test_name"
    return 1
}

validate_issue_closed() {
    local issue_number="$1"
    local expected_comment="$2"
    local repo="${3:-}"
    
    local repo_flag=""
    if [[ -n "$repo" ]]; then
        repo_flag="--repo $repo"
    fi
    
    local issue_data=$(gh issue view $repo_flag "$issue_number" --json state,comments 2>/dev/null)
    
    if [[ -z "$issue_data" ]]; then
        warning "(polling) Could not retrieve issue #$issue_number data"
        return 1
    fi
    
    local state=$(echo "$issue_data" | jq -r '.state')
    local state_lc="${state,,}"
    
    if [[ "$state_lc" != "closed" ]]; then
        warning "(polling) Issue #$issue_number is still open (state $state). Expected closed."
        return 1
    fi
    
    success "Issue #$issue_number was closed successfully"
    
    if [[ -n "$expected_comment" ]]; then
        local comments=$(echo "$issue_data" | jq -r '.comments[].body')
        if echo "$comments" | grep -q "$expected_comment"; then
            success "Issue #$issue_number has expected closing comment containing: $expected_comment"
        else
            warning "Issue #$issue_number closed but missing expected comment containing: '$expected_comment'"
        fi
    fi
    
    return 0
}

wait_for_issue_closed() {
    local issue_number="$1"
    local expected_comment="$2"
    local test_name="$3"
    local repo="${4:-}"
    local max_wait=480 # Max wait time in seconds (8 minutes)
    local waited=0
    
    while [[ $waited -lt $max_wait ]]; do
        if validate_issue_closed "$issue_number" "$expected_comment" "$repo"; then
            record_test_pass "$test_name"
            return 0
        fi
        info "..."
        sleep "$OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL"
        waited=$((waited + OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL))
    done
    
    record_test_fail "$test_name"
    return 1
}

validate_label_removed() {
    local issue_number="$1"
    local label_name="$2"
    local repo="${3:-}"
    
    local repo_flag=""
    if [[ -n "$repo" ]]; then
        repo_flag="--repo $repo"
    fi
    
    local labels=$(gh issue view $repo_flag "$issue_number" --json labels --jq '.labels[].name' | tr '\n' ',')
    
    if [[ "$labels" != *"$label_name"* ]]; then
        success "Issue #$issue_number no longer has label: $label_name"
        return 0
    else
        warning "(polling) Issue #$issue_number still has label: '$label_name'. Current labels: '$labels'"
        return 1
    fi
}

wait_for_label_removed() {
    local issue_number="$1"
    local label_name="$2"
    local test_name="$3"
    local repo="${4:-}"
    local max_wait=480 # Max wait time in seconds (8 minutes)
    local waited=0
    
    while [[ $waited -lt $max_wait ]]; do
        if validate_label_removed "$issue_number" "$label_name" "$repo"; then
            record_test_pass "$test_name"
            return 0
        fi
        info "..."
        sleep "$OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL"
        waited=$((waited + OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL))
    done
    
    record_test_fail "$test_name"
    return 1
}

validate_label_replaced() {
    local issue_number="$1"
    local removed_label="$2"
    local added_label="$3"
    local repo="${4:-}"
    local repo_flag=""
    [[ -n "$repo" ]] && repo_flag="--repo $repo"

    local labels
    labels=$(gh issue view $repo_flag "$issue_number" --json labels --jq '.labels[].name' | tr '\n' ',')
    if [[ "$labels" != *"$removed_label"* && "$labels" == *"$added_label"* ]]; then
        success "Issue #$issue_number replaced label '$removed_label' with '$added_label'"
        return 0
    fi
    warning "(polling) Issue #$issue_number has not completed label replacement. Current labels: '$labels'"
    return 1
}

wait_for_label_replaced() {
    local issue_number="$1"
    local removed_label="$2"
    local added_label="$3"
    local test_name="$4"
    local repo="${5:-}"
    local max_wait=480
    local waited=0

    while [[ $waited -lt $max_wait ]]; do
        if validate_label_replaced "$issue_number" "$removed_label" "$added_label" "$repo"; then
            record_test_pass "$test_name"
            return 0
        fi
        info "..."
        sleep "$OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL"
        waited=$((waited + OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL))
    done

    record_test_fail "$test_name"
    return 1
}

validate_discussion_closed() {
    local discussion_number="$1"
    local repo="${2:-}"
    
    local owner="$REPO_OWNER"
    local name="$REPO_NAME"
    if [[ -n "$repo" ]]; then
        owner=$(echo "$repo" | cut -d/ -f1)
        name=$(echo "$repo" | cut -d/ -f2)
    fi
    
    # Check discussion state using GraphQL
    local query="{
      repository(owner: \"$owner\", name: \"$name\") {
        discussion(number: $discussion_number) {
          closed
        }
      }
    }"
    local closed=$(gh api graphql -f query="$query" --jq '.data.repository.discussion.closed' 2>/dev/null)
    
    if [[ "$closed" == "true" ]]; then
        success "Discussion #$discussion_number was closed successfully"
        return 0
    else
        warning "(polling) Discussion #$discussion_number is still open (closed=$closed)"
        return 1
    fi
}

wait_for_discussion_closed() {
    local discussion_number="$1"
    local test_name="$2"
    local repo="${3:-}"
    local max_wait=480 # Max wait time in seconds (8 minutes)
    local waited=0
    
    while [[ $waited -lt $max_wait ]]; do
        if validate_discussion_closed "$discussion_number" "$repo"; then
            record_test_pass "$test_name"
            return 0
        fi
        info "..."
        sleep "$OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL"
        waited=$((waited + OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL))
    done
    
    record_test_fail "$test_name"
    return 1
}

validate_pr_closed() {
    local pr_number="$1"
    local repo="${2:-}"
    
    local repo_flag=""
    if [[ -n "$repo" ]]; then
        repo_flag="--repo $repo"
    fi
    
    local state=$(gh pr view $repo_flag "$pr_number" --json state --jq '.state' 2>/dev/null)
    local state_lc="${state,,}"
    
    if [[ "$state_lc" == "closed" || "$state_lc" == "merged" ]]; then
        success "PR #$pr_number was closed successfully (state: $state)"
        return 0
    else
        warning "(polling) PR #$pr_number is still open (state: $state)"
        return 1
    fi
}

wait_for_pr_closed() {
    local pr_number="$1"
    local test_name="$2"
    local repo="${3:-}"
    local max_wait=480 # Max wait time in seconds (8 minutes)
    local waited=0
    
    while [[ $waited -lt $max_wait ]]; do
        if validate_pr_closed "$pr_number" "$repo"; then
            record_test_pass "$test_name"
            return 0
        fi
        info "..."
        sleep "$OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL"
        waited=$((waited + OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL))
    done
    
    record_test_fail "$test_name"
    return 1
}

wait_for_command_comment() {
    local issue_number="$1"
    local expected_text="$2"
    local test_name="$3"
    local repo="${4:-}"
    local max_wait=480 # Max wait time in seconds (8 minutes)
    local waited=0
    
    # expected_text may contain '|'-separated alternatives; match any as a literal substring
    local IFS='|'
    read -ra _alts <<< "$expected_text"
    unset IFS

    while [[ $waited -lt $max_wait ]]; do
        for _alt in "${_alts[@]}"; do
            if validate_comment "$issue_number" "$_alt" "$repo"; then
                record_test_pass "$test_name"
                return 0
            fi
        done
        info "..."
        sleep "$OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL"
        waited=$((waited + OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL))
    done
    
    record_test_fail "$test_name"
    return 1
}

wait_for_branch_update() {
    local branch_name="$1"
    local initial_sha="$2"
    local test_name="$3"
    local repo="${4:-}"
    local max_wait=480 # Max wait time in seconds (8 minutes)
    local waited=0
    
    while [[ $waited -lt $max_wait ]]; do
        if validate_branch_updated "$branch_name" "$initial_sha" "$repo"; then
            record_test_pass "$test_name"
            return 0
        fi
        info "..."
        sleep "$OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL"
        waited=$((waited + OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL))
    done
    
    record_test_fail "$test_name"
    return 1
}

wait_for_pr_reviews() {
    local pr_number="$1"
    local ai_type="$2"
    local test_name="$3"
    local repo="${4:-}"
    local max_wait=480 # Max wait time in seconds (8 minutes)
    local waited=0
    
    while [[ $waited -lt $max_wait ]]; do
        if validate_pr_reviews "$pr_number" "$ai_type" "$repo"; then
            record_test_pass "$test_name"
            return 0
        fi
        info "..."
        sleep "$OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL"
        waited=$((waited + OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL))
    done
    
    record_test_fail "$test_name"
    return 1
}

wait_for_pr_update() {
    local pr_number="$1"
    local ai_type="$2"
    local test_name="$3"
    local repo="${4:-}"
    local max_wait=480 # Max wait time in seconds (8 minutes)
    local waited=0

    while [[ $waited -lt $max_wait ]]; do
        if validate_pr_updated "$pr_number" "$ai_type" "$repo"; then
            record_test_pass "$test_name"
            return 0
        fi
        info "..."
        sleep "$OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL"
        waited=$((waited + OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL))
    done

    record_test_fail "$test_name"
    return 1
}

wait_for_issue_body_contains() {
    local issue_number="$1"
    local expected_text="$2"
    local repo="${3:-}"
    local max_wait=120
    local waited=0

    while [[ $waited -lt $max_wait ]]; do
        if validate_issue_body_contains "$issue_number" "$expected_text" "$repo"; then
            return 0
        fi
        info "..."
        sleep "$OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL"
        waited=$((waited + OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL))
    done

    error "Issue #$issue_number body missing expected text after ${max_wait}s: $expected_text"
    return 1
}

wait_for_pr_body_contains() {
    local pr_number="$1"
    local expected_text="$2"
    local test_name="$3"
    local repo="${4:-}"
    local max_wait=480
    local waited=0
    local repo_flag=""
    [[ -n "$repo" ]] && repo_flag="--repo $repo"

    while [[ $waited -lt $max_wait ]]; do
        local body
        body=$(gh pr view $repo_flag "$pr_number" --json body --jq '.body' 2>/dev/null || echo "")
        if [[ "$body" == *"$expected_text"* \
            && "$body" == *"Content before the managed island."* \
            && "$body" == *"Content after the managed island."* ]]; then
            success "PR #$pr_number contains the replacement and preserved surrounding content"
            record_test_pass "$test_name"
            return 0
        fi
        info "..."
        sleep "$OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL"
        waited=$((waited + OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL))
    done

    record_test_fail "$test_name"
    return 1
}

validate_discussion_comment() {
    local discussion_number="$1"
    local expected_comment_text="$2"
    local repo="${3:-}"
    
    local api_repo=":owner/:repo"
    if [[ -n "$repo" ]]; then
        api_repo="$repo"
    fi
    
    # Get discussion comments using GitHub API
    local comments=$(gh api repos/"$api_repo"/discussions/"$discussion_number"/comments --jq '.[].body' 2>/dev/null || echo "")
    
    if echo "$comments" | grep -qF "$expected_comment_text"; then
        success "Discussion #$discussion_number has expected comment containing: $expected_comment_text"
        return 0
    else
        warning "(polling) Discussion #$discussion_number missing expected comment containing: '$expected_comment_text'. Actual comments: ${comments:0:200}..."
        return 1
    fi
}

wait_for_discussion_comment() {
    local discussion_number="$1"
    local expected_text="$2"
    local test_name="$3"
    local repo="${4:-}"
    local max_wait=480 # Max wait time in seconds (8 minutes)
    local waited=0
    
    while [[ $waited -lt $max_wait ]]; do
        if validate_discussion_comment "$discussion_number" "$expected_text" "$repo"; then
            record_test_pass "$test_name"
            return 0
        fi
        info "..."
        sleep "$OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL"
        waited=$((waited + OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL))
    done
    
    record_test_fail "$test_name"
    return 1
}

# --- Validators / waiters for newer safe-output tests -------------------------

validate_discussion_updated() {
    local discussion_number="$1"
    local expected_title_substring="$2"
    local repo="${3:-}"

    local owner="$REPO_OWNER"
    local name="$REPO_NAME"
    if [[ -n "$repo" ]]; then
        owner=$(echo "$repo" | cut -d/ -f1)
        name=$(echo "$repo" | cut -d/ -f2)
    fi

    local query="{
      repository(owner: \"$owner\", name: \"$name\") {
        discussion(number: $discussion_number) {
          title
          body
        }
      }
    }"
    local title
    title=$(gh api graphql -f query="$query" --jq '.data.repository.discussion.title' 2>/dev/null)

    if [[ "$title" == *"$expected_title_substring"* ]]; then
        success "Discussion #$discussion_number title updated as expected: $title"
        return 0
    fi
    warning "(polling) Discussion #$discussion_number title not yet updated. Current title: '$title'"
    return 1
}

wait_for_discussion_updated() {
    local discussion_number="$1"
    local expected_title_substring="$2"
    local test_name="$3"
    local repo="${4:-}"
    local max_wait=480
    local waited=0
    while [[ $waited -lt $max_wait ]]; do
        if validate_discussion_updated "$discussion_number" "$expected_title_substring" "$repo"; then
            record_test_pass "$test_name"
            return 0
        fi
        info "..."
        sleep "$OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL"
        waited=$((waited + OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL))
    done
    record_test_fail "$test_name"
    return 1
}

validate_assignee_present() {
    local issue_number="$1"
    local expected_assignee="$2"
    local repo="${3:-}"
    local repo_flag=""
    [[ -n "$repo" ]] && repo_flag="--repo $repo"
    local assignees
    assignees=$(gh issue view $repo_flag "$issue_number" --json assignees --jq '.assignees[].login' 2>/dev/null | tr '\n' ',')
    if [[ "$assignees" == *"$expected_assignee"* ]]; then
        success "Issue #$issue_number has expected assignee: $expected_assignee"
        return 0
    fi
    warning "(polling) Issue #$issue_number missing expected assignee '$expected_assignee'. Current assignees: '$assignees'"
    return 1
}

wait_for_assignee_present() {
    local issue_number="$1"
    local expected_assignee="$2"
    local test_name="$3"
    local repo="${4:-}"
    local max_wait=480
    local waited=0
    while [[ $waited -lt $max_wait ]]; do
        if validate_assignee_present "$issue_number" "$expected_assignee" "$repo"; then
            record_test_pass "$test_name"
            return 0
        fi
        info "..."
        sleep "$OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL"
        waited=$((waited + OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL))
    done
    record_test_fail "$test_name"
    return 1
}

validate_assignee_absent() {
    local issue_number="$1"
    local removed_assignee="$2"
    local repo="${3:-}"
    local repo_flag=""
    [[ -n "$repo" ]] && repo_flag="--repo $repo"
    local assignees
    assignees=$(gh issue view $repo_flag "$issue_number" --json assignees --jq '.assignees[].login' 2>/dev/null | tr '\n' ',')
    if [[ "$assignees" != *"$removed_assignee"* ]]; then
        success "Issue #$issue_number no longer has assignee: $removed_assignee"
        return 0
    fi
    warning "(polling) Issue #$issue_number still has assignee '$removed_assignee'. Current assignees: '$assignees'"
    return 1
}

wait_for_assignee_absent() {
    local issue_number="$1"
    local removed_assignee="$2"
    local test_name="$3"
    local repo="${4:-}"
    local max_wait=480
    local waited=0
    while [[ $waited -lt $max_wait ]]; do
        if validate_assignee_absent "$issue_number" "$removed_assignee" "$repo"; then
            record_test_pass "$test_name"
            return 0
        fi
        info "..."
        sleep "$OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL"
        waited=$((waited + OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL))
    done
    record_test_fail "$test_name"
    return 1
}

ensure_milestone() {
    local title="$1"
    local repo="${2:-$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME}"
    # Returns nothing on stdout, but logs to LOG_FILE. Idempotent.
    local existing
    existing=$(gh api "repos/$repo/milestones?state=all" --jq ".[] | select(.title==\"$title\") | .number" 2>/dev/null | head -1)
    if [[ -n "$existing" ]]; then
        info "Milestone '$title' already exists (#$existing) in $repo"
        echo "$existing"
        return 0
    fi
    local created
    created=$(gh api --method POST "repos/$repo/milestones" -f "title=$title" --jq '.number' 2>/dev/null)
    if [[ -n "$created" ]]; then
        info "Created milestone '$title' (#$created) in $repo"
        echo "$created"
        return 0
    fi
    warning "Failed to ensure milestone '$title' in $repo"
    return 1
}

validate_milestone_assigned() {
    local issue_number="$1"
    local expected_milestone_title="$2"
    local repo="${3:-}"
    local repo_flag=""
    [[ -n "$repo" ]] && repo_flag="--repo $repo"
    local milestone
    milestone=$(gh issue view $repo_flag "$issue_number" --json milestone --jq '.milestone.title // empty' 2>/dev/null)
    if [[ "$milestone" == "$expected_milestone_title" ]]; then
        success "Issue #$issue_number assigned to milestone '$expected_milestone_title'"
        return 0
    fi
    warning "(polling) Issue #$issue_number not yet assigned to milestone '$expected_milestone_title'. Current: '$milestone'"
    return 1
}

wait_for_milestone_assigned() {
    local issue_number="$1"
    local expected_milestone_title="$2"
    local test_name="$3"
    local repo="${4:-}"
    local max_wait=480
    local waited=0
    while [[ $waited -lt $max_wait ]]; do
        if validate_milestone_assigned "$issue_number" "$expected_milestone_title" "$repo"; then
            record_test_pass "$test_name"
            return 0
        fi
        info "..."
        sleep "$OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL"
        waited=$((waited + OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL))
    done
    record_test_fail "$test_name"
    return 1
}

validate_sub_issue_linked() {
    local parent_number="$1"
    local sub_number="$2"
    local repo="${3:-}"
    local owner="$REPO_OWNER"
    local name="$REPO_NAME"
    if [[ -n "$repo" ]]; then
        owner=$(echo "$repo" | cut -d/ -f1)
        name=$(echo "$repo" | cut -d/ -f2)
    fi
    local query="{
      repository(owner: \"$owner\", name: \"$name\") {
        issue(number: $parent_number) {
          subIssues(first: 50) { nodes { number } }
        }
      }
    }"
    local subs
    subs=$(gh api graphql -f query="$query" --jq '.data.repository.issue.subIssues.nodes[].number' 2>/dev/null | tr '\n' ',')
    if [[ ",$subs," == *",$sub_number,"* ]]; then
        success "Issue #$sub_number is linked as sub-issue of #$parent_number"
        return 0
    fi
    warning "(polling) Issue #$sub_number not yet a sub-issue of #$parent_number. Current sub-issues: '$subs'"
    return 1
}

wait_for_sub_issue_linked() {
    local parent_number="$1"
    local sub_number="$2"
    local test_name="$3"
    local repo="${4:-}"
    local max_wait=480
    local waited=0
    while [[ $waited -lt $max_wait ]]; do
        if validate_sub_issue_linked "$parent_number" "$sub_number" "$repo"; then
            record_test_pass "$test_name"
            return 0
        fi
        info "..."
        sleep "$OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL"
        waited=$((waited + OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL))
    done
    record_test_fail "$test_name"
    return 1
}

# Adds a comment to the given issue and prints its GraphQL node ID to stdout.
add_test_comment_get_node_id() {
    local issue_number="$1"
    local body="$2"
    local repo="${3:-}"
    local api_repo=":owner/:repo"
    [[ -n "$repo" ]] && api_repo="$repo"
    gh api --method POST "repos/$api_repo/issues/$issue_number/comments" -f "body=$body" --jq '.node_id' 2>/dev/null
}

validate_comment_hidden() {
    local comment_node_id="$1"
    local query="{
      node(id: \"$comment_node_id\") {
        ... on IssueComment { isMinimized minimizedReason }
      }
    }"
    local is_minimized
    is_minimized=$(gh api graphql -f query="$query" --jq '.data.node.isMinimized' 2>/dev/null)
    if [[ "$is_minimized" == "true" ]]; then
        success "Comment $comment_node_id is hidden (minimized)"
        return 0
    fi
    warning "(polling) Comment $comment_node_id is not yet hidden (isMinimized=$is_minimized)"
    return 1
}

wait_for_comment_hidden() {
    local comment_node_id="$1"
    local test_name="$2"
    local max_wait=480
    local waited=0
    while [[ $waited -lt $max_wait ]]; do
        if validate_comment_hidden "$comment_node_id"; then
            record_test_pass "$test_name"
            return 0
        fi
        info "..."
        sleep "$OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL"
        waited=$((waited + OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL))
    done
    record_test_fail "$test_name"
    return 1
}

validate_pr_reviewer_added() {
    local pr_number="$1"
    local expected_reviewer="$2"   # case-insensitive substring match
    local repo="${3:-}"
    local repo_flag=""
    [[ -n "$repo" ]] && repo_flag="--repo $repo"
    local reviewers
    reviewers=$(gh pr view $repo_flag "$pr_number" --json reviewRequests,latestReviews \
        --jq '[.reviewRequests[].login, .latestReviews[].author.login] | join(",")' 2>/dev/null)
    local lower
    lower=$(echo "$reviewers" | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')
    local expected_lower
    expected_lower=$(echo "$expected_reviewer" | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')
    if [[ "$lower" == *"$expected_lower"* ]]; then
        success "PR #$pr_number has expected reviewer matching '$expected_reviewer'"
        return 0
    fi
    warning "(polling) PR #$pr_number missing expected reviewer '$expected_reviewer'. Current: '$reviewers'"
    return 1
}

wait_for_pr_reviewer_added() {
    local pr_number="$1"
    local expected_reviewer="$2"
    local test_name="$3"
    local repo="${4:-}"
    local max_wait=480
    local waited=0
    while [[ $waited -lt $max_wait ]]; do
        if validate_pr_reviewer_added "$pr_number" "$expected_reviewer" "$repo"; then
            record_test_pass "$test_name"
            return 0
        fi
        info "..."
        sleep "$OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL"
        waited=$((waited + OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL))
    done
    record_test_fail "$test_name"
    return 1
}

validate_pr_review_with_body() {
    local pr_number="$1"
    local expected_body_substring="$2"
    local repo="${3:-}"
    local api_repo=":owner/:repo"
    [[ -n "$repo" ]] && api_repo="$repo"
    local matched
    matched=$(gh api "repos/$api_repo/pulls/$pr_number/reviews" \
        --jq "[.[] | select(.body != null) | select(.body | contains(\"$expected_body_substring\"))] | length" 2>/dev/null)
    if [[ "$matched" -gt 0 ]] 2>/dev/null; then
        success "PR #$pr_number has a submitted review containing: $expected_body_substring"
        return 0
    fi
    warning "(polling) PR #$pr_number missing submitted review containing: '$expected_body_substring'"
    return 1
}

wait_for_pr_review_with_body() {
    local pr_number="$1"
    local expected_body_substring="$2"
    local test_name="$3"
    local repo="${4:-}"
    local max_wait=480
    local waited=0
    while [[ $waited -lt $max_wait ]]; do
        if validate_pr_review_with_body "$pr_number" "$expected_body_substring" "$repo"; then
            record_test_pass "$test_name"
            return 0
        fi
        info "..."
        sleep "$OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL"
        waited=$((waited + OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL))
    done
    record_test_fail "$test_name"
    return 1
}

validate_pr_review_dismissed() {
    local pr_number="$1"
    local expected_body_substring="$2"
    local repo="${3:-}"
    local api_repo=":owner/:repo"
    [[ -n "$repo" ]] && api_repo="$repo"
    local matched
    matched=$(gh api "repos/$api_repo/pulls/$pr_number/reviews" \
        --jq "[.[] | select(.state == \"DISMISSED\") | select(.body != null) | select(.body | contains(\"$expected_body_substring\"))] | length" 2>/dev/null)
    if [[ "$matched" -gt 0 ]] 2>/dev/null; then
        success "PR #$pr_number has the expected dismissed review"
        return 0
    fi
    warning "(polling) PR #$pr_number is missing the expected dismissed review"
    return 1
}

wait_for_pr_review_dismissed() {
    local pr_number="$1"
    local expected_body_substring="$2"
    local test_name="$3"
    local repo="${4:-}"
    local max_wait=480
    local waited=0
    while [[ $waited -lt $max_wait ]]; do
        if validate_pr_review_dismissed "$pr_number" "$expected_body_substring" "$repo"; then
            record_test_pass "$test_name"
            return 0
        fi
        info "..."
        sleep "$OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL"
        waited=$((waited + OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL))
    done
    record_test_fail "$test_name"
    return 1
}

validate_dispatched_issue_created() {
    local sentinel="$1"
    local repo="${2:-}"
    local repo_flag=""
    [[ -n "$repo" ]] && repo_flag="--repo $repo"
    local found
    found=$(gh issue list $repo_flag --limit 20 --search "sentinel=$sentinel in:title" --json number --jq '.[].number' 2>/dev/null | head -1)
    if [[ -n "$found" ]]; then
        success "Worker-created issue #$found matches sentinel '$sentinel'"
        return 0
    fi
    warning "(polling) No issue found yet with sentinel='$sentinel'"
    return 1
}

wait_for_dispatched_issue_created() {
    local sentinel="$1"
    local test_name="$2"
    local repo="${3:-}"
    local max_wait=300
    local waited=0
    while [[ $waited -lt $max_wait ]]; do
        if validate_dispatched_issue_created "$sentinel" "$repo"; then
            record_test_pass "$test_name"
            return 0
        fi
        info "..."
        sleep "$OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL"
        waited=$((waited + OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL))
    done
    record_test_fail "$test_name"
    return 1
}

# --- set-issue-type -----------------------------------------------------------

validate_issue_type() {
    local issue_number="$1"
    local expected_type="$2"
    local repo="${3:-}"

    local owner="$REPO_OWNER"
    local name="$REPO_NAME"
    if [[ -n "$repo" ]]; then
        owner=$(echo "$repo" | cut -d/ -f1)
        name=$(echo "$repo" | cut -d/ -f2)
    fi

    local issue_type
    issue_type=$(gh api graphql -f query="{ repository(owner: \"$owner\", name: \"$name\") { issue(number: $issue_number) { issueType { name } } } }" \
        --jq '.data.repository.issue.issueType.name' 2>/dev/null)

    if [[ "$issue_type" == "$expected_type" ]]; then
        success "Issue #$issue_number has expected issue type: $issue_type"
        return 0
    fi
    warning "(polling) Issue #$issue_number issue type not yet '$expected_type' (actual: '${issue_type:-none}')"
    return 1
}

wait_for_issue_type() {
    local issue_number="$1"
    local expected_type="$2"
    local test_name="$3"
    local repo="${4:-}"
    local max_wait=480
    local waited=0
    while [[ $waited -lt $max_wait ]]; do
        if validate_issue_type "$issue_number" "$expected_type" "$repo"; then
            record_test_pass "$test_name"
            return 0
        fi
        info "..."
        sleep "$OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL"
        waited=$((waited + OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL))
    done
    record_test_fail "$test_name"
    return 1
}

# --- mark-pull-request-as-ready-for-review ------------------------------------

# Creates a DRAFT pull request and prints its number, modelled on create_test_pr.
create_test_draft_pr() {
    local title="$1"
    local body="$2"
    local repo="${3:-}"
    local branch="test-pr-$(date +%s)-${BASHPID:-$$}-$RANDOM"

    if [[ -n "${E2E_TRIGGER_MARKER:-}" ]]; then
        body+=$'\n\n'"$E2E_TRIGGER_MARKER"
    fi

    local repo_flag=""
    local api_repo=":owner/:repo"
    if [[ -n "$repo" ]]; then
        repo_flag="--repo $repo"
        api_repo="$repo"
    fi

    local main_sha=$(gh api repos/"$api_repo"/git/refs/heads/main --jq '.object.sha' 2>/dev/null)
    [[ -z "$main_sha" ]] && { echo ""; return; }
    gh api repos/"$api_repo"/git/refs --method POST \
        --field ref="refs/heads/$branch" --field sha="$main_sha" &>/dev/null

    local file_path="notes-$(date +%s)-${BASHPID:-$$}-$RANDOM.md"
    local file_content="# Draft PR Content\n\nThis is a test file created for draft PR testing at $(date)"
    gh api repos/"$api_repo"/contents/"$file_path" --method PUT \
        --field message="Test commit for draft PR" \
        --field content="$(echo -e "$file_content" | base64 -w 0)" \
        --field branch="$branch" &>/dev/null

    local pr_url=$(gh pr create $repo_flag --draft --title "$title" --body "$body" --head "$branch" --base main 2>/dev/null)
    if [[ -n "$pr_url" ]]; then
        echo "$pr_url" | grep -o '[0-9]\+$'
    else
        echo ""
    fi
}

validate_pr_ready_for_review() {
    local pr_number="$1"
    local repo="${2:-}"
    local repo_flag=""
    [[ -n "$repo" ]] && repo_flag="--repo $repo"
    local is_draft
    is_draft=$(gh pr view $repo_flag "$pr_number" --json isDraft --jq '.isDraft' 2>/dev/null)
    if [[ "$is_draft" == "false" ]]; then
        success "PR #$pr_number is marked ready for review (isDraft=false)"
        return 0
    fi
    warning "(polling) PR #$pr_number is still a draft (isDraft=$is_draft)"
    return 1
}

wait_for_pr_ready_for_review() {
    local pr_number="$1"
    local test_name="$2"
    local repo="${3:-}"
    local max_wait=480
    local waited=0
    while [[ $waited -lt $max_wait ]]; do
        if validate_pr_ready_for_review "$pr_number" "$repo"; then
            record_test_pass "$test_name"
            return 0
        fi
        info "..."
        sleep "$OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL"
        waited=$((waited + OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL))
    done
    record_test_fail "$test_name"
    return 1
}

# --- reply-to / resolve pull request review comment fixtures ------------------

# Creates a PR with one added file and posts a single review comment on it.
# Prints: "<pr_number>,<comment_id>,<thread_id>"
create_test_pr_with_review_comment() {
    local title="$1"
    local body="$2"
    local repo="${3:-}"
    local branch="test-pr-$(date +%s)-${BASHPID:-$$}-$RANDOM"

    if [[ -n "${E2E_TRIGGER_MARKER:-}" ]]; then
        body+=$'\n\n'"$E2E_TRIGGER_MARKER"
    fi

    local repo_flag=""
    local api_repo=":owner/:repo"
    if [[ -n "$repo" ]]; then
        repo_flag="--repo $repo"
        api_repo="$repo"
    fi

    local main_sha=$(gh api repos/"$api_repo"/git/refs/heads/main --jq '.object.sha' 2>/dev/null)
    [[ -z "$main_sha" ]] && { echo ""; return; }
    gh api repos/"$api_repo"/git/refs --method POST \
        --field ref="refs/heads/$branch" --field sha="$main_sha" &>/dev/null

    local file_path="notes-$(date +%s)-${BASHPID:-$$}-$RANDOM.md"
    local file_content="# Review target\n\nLine to be reviewed.\nAnother line.\n"
    gh api repos/"$api_repo"/contents/"$file_path" --method PUT \
        --field message="Add review target file" \
        --field content="$(echo -e "$file_content" | base64 -w 0)" \
        --field branch="$branch" &>/dev/null

    local head_sha=$(gh api repos/"$api_repo"/git/refs/heads/"$branch" --jq '.object.sha' 2>/dev/null)
    local pr_url=$(gh pr create $repo_flag --title "$title" --body "$body" --head "$branch" --base main 2>/dev/null)
    [[ -z "$pr_url" ]] && { echo ""; return; }
    local pr_number=$(echo "$pr_url" | grep -o '[0-9]\+$')

    # Post a review comment on line 1 of the newly added file (added line, RIGHT side)
    local comment_id
    comment_id=$(gh api "repos/$api_repo/pulls/$pr_number/comments" --method POST \
        --field body="Initial review comment for reply/resolve fixture" \
        --field commit_id="$head_sha" \
        --field path="$file_path" \
        --field line=1 \
        --field side="RIGHT" --jq '.id' 2>/dev/null)

    # A failed review-comment POST (e.g. HTTP 422 when the line is not yet part of
    # the PR diff) leaves comment_id empty. Bail out with an empty fixture so the
    # caller's `[[ -n "$comment_id" ]]` / `[[ -n "$thread_id" ]]` guards skip the
    # dispatch instead of triggering the workflow with a bogus identifier.
    if [[ -z "$comment_id" || ! "$comment_id" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
        echo ""
        return
    fi

    # Resolve the thread node id via GraphQL
    local owner="$REPO_OWNER"
    local name="$REPO_NAME"
    if [[ -n "$repo" ]]; then
        owner=$(echo "$repo" | cut -d/ -f1)
        name=$(echo "$repo" | cut -d/ -f2)
    fi
    local thread_id
    thread_id=$(gh api graphql -f query="{ repository(owner: \"$owner\", name: \"$name\") { pullRequest(number: $pr_number) { reviewThreads(first: 20) { nodes { id comments(first: 1) { nodes { databaseId } } } } } } }" \
        --jq ".data.repository.pullRequest.reviewThreads.nodes[] | select(.comments.nodes[0].databaseId == $comment_id) | .id" 2>/dev/null | head -1)

    # Only emit a thread_id that looks like a real GraphQL node id. GitHub error
    # payloads or partial responses must never be forwarded as a dispatch input,
    # otherwise resolve_pull_request_review_thread fails with "Could not resolve
    # to a node with the global id" in the safe_outputs job.
    if [[ -n "$thread_id" && ! "$thread_id" =~ ^[A-Za-z0-9_=-]+$ ]]; then
        thread_id=""
    fi

    echo "$pr_number,$comment_id,$thread_id"
}

validate_review_comment_reply() {
    local pr_number="$1"
    local expected_body_substring="$2"
    local repo="${3:-}"
    local api_repo=":owner/:repo"
    [[ -n "$repo" ]] && api_repo="$repo"
    local matched
    matched=$(gh api "repos/$api_repo/pulls/$pr_number/comments" \
        --jq "[.[] | select(.body != null) | select(.body | contains(\"$expected_body_substring\"))] | length" 2>/dev/null)
    if [[ "$matched" -gt 0 ]] 2>/dev/null; then
        success "PR #$pr_number has a review comment reply containing: $expected_body_substring"
        return 0
    fi
    warning "(polling) PR #$pr_number missing review comment reply containing: '$expected_body_substring'"
    return 1
}

wait_for_review_comment_reply() {
    local pr_number="$1"
    local expected_body_substring="$2"
    local test_name="$3"
    local repo="${4:-}"
    local max_wait=480
    local waited=0
    while [[ $waited -lt $max_wait ]]; do
        if validate_review_comment_reply "$pr_number" "$expected_body_substring" "$repo"; then
            record_test_pass "$test_name"
            return 0
        fi
        info "..."
        sleep "$OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL"
        waited=$((waited + OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL))
    done
    record_test_fail "$test_name"
    return 1
}

validate_review_thread_resolved() {
    local thread_id="$1"
    local is_resolved
    is_resolved=$(gh api graphql -f query="{ node(id: \"$thread_id\") { ... on PullRequestReviewThread { isResolved } } }" \
        --jq '.data.node.isResolved' 2>/dev/null)
    if [[ "$is_resolved" == "true" ]]; then
        success "Review thread $thread_id is resolved"
        return 0
    fi
    warning "(polling) Review thread $thread_id not yet resolved (isResolved=$is_resolved)"
    return 1
}

wait_for_review_thread_resolved() {
    local thread_id="$1"
    local test_name="$2"
    local max_wait=480
    local waited=0
    while [[ $waited -lt $max_wait ]]; do
        if validate_review_thread_resolved "$thread_id"; then
            record_test_pass "$test_name"
            return 0
        fi
        info "..."
        sleep "$OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL"
        waited=$((waited + OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL))
    done
    record_test_fail "$test_name"
    return 1
}

# --- update-release -----------------------------------------------------------

# Creates a GitHub release with a unique tag and a known body, then prints the tag.
create_test_release() {
    local title="$1"
    local repo="${2:-}"
    local tag="e2e-release-$(date +%s)-${BASHPID:-$$}-$RANDOM"
    local repo_flag=""
    [[ -n "$repo" ]] && repo_flag="--repo $repo"

    if gh release create "$tag" $repo_flag \
        --target main \
        --title "$title" \
        --notes "Original release body for update-release test." &>/dev/null; then
        # Track for per-test cleanup
        if [[ -n "${E2E_TEST_RESOURCE_FILE:-}" ]]; then
            echo "release|$tag|${repo:-}" >> "$E2E_TEST_RESOURCE_FILE" 2>/dev/null || true
        fi
        echo "$tag"
    else
        echo ""
    fi
}

validate_release_body_updated() {
    local tag="$1"
    local expected_substring="$2"
    local repo="${3:-}"
    local repo_flag=""
    [[ -n "$repo" ]] && repo_flag="--repo $repo"

    local body
    body=$(gh release view "$tag" $repo_flag --json body --jq '.body' 2>/dev/null)
    if echo "$body" | grep -qF "$expected_substring"; then
        success "Release '$tag' body contains expected text: $expected_substring"
        return 0
    fi
    warning "(polling) Release '$tag' body not yet updated. Actual: ${body:0:200}..."
    return 1
}

wait_for_release_body_updated() {
    local tag="$1"
    local expected_substring="$2"
    local test_name="$3"
    local repo="${4:-}"
    local max_wait=480
    local waited=0
    while [[ $waited -lt $max_wait ]]; do
        if validate_release_body_updated "$tag" "$expected_substring" "$repo"; then
            record_test_pass "$test_name"
            return 0
        fi
        info "..."
        sleep "$OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL"
        waited=$((waited + OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL))
    done
    record_test_fail "$test_name"
    return 1
}

# --- upload-asset -------------------------------------------------------------

# Checks that the orphaned assets branch exists and contains at least one
# committed file (the asset is named "<sha256>.png" by the upload job).
validate_asset_published() {
    local branch="$1"
    local repo="${2:-}"
    local repo_path="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
    [[ -n "$repo" ]] && repo_path="$repo"

    local contents
    contents=$(gh api "repos/$repo_path/contents?ref=$branch" --jq '.[].name' 2>/dev/null)
    if echo "$contents" | grep -qiE '\.png$'; then
        success "Asset branch '$branch' contains a published .png asset: $(echo "$contents" | tr '\n' ' ')"
        return 0
    fi
    warning "(polling) Asset branch '$branch' has no .png asset yet. Contents: $(echo "$contents" | tr '\n' ' ')"
    return 1
}

wait_for_asset_published() {
    local branch="$1"
    local test_name="$2"
    local repo="${3:-}"
    local max_wait=480
    local waited=0
    while [[ $waited -lt $max_wait ]]; do
        if validate_asset_published "$branch" "$repo"; then
            record_test_pass "$test_name"
            return 0
        fi
        info "..."
        sleep "$OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL"
        waited=$((waited + OUTCOME_POLL_INTERVAL))
    done
    record_test_fail "$test_name"
    return 1
}

# Execute a single test (used by parallel batch execution)
# This function must handle all output synchronization
run_single_test() {
    local workflow="$1"
    local test_log="/tmp/e2e-test-${workflow}-$$.log"
    # Per-test resource tracking file: create_test_issue / create_test_pr /
    # validate_issue_created etc. append entries here so we can close them
    # after the test regardless of pass/fail.
    export E2E_TEST_RESOURCE_FILE="/tmp/e2e-resources-${workflow}-$$.txt"
    
    # Preserve the parent output stream, then capture this test's output.
    exec 3>&1
    exec 1>"$test_log" 2>&1

    # If this workflow failed to compile, record failure immediately and return
    if [[ -n "${COMPILE_FAILED_FILE:-}" && -f "$COMPILE_FAILED_FILE" ]] && grep -qxF "$workflow" "$COMPILE_FAILED_FILE"; then
        error "Skipping '$workflow': failed to compile — see main log for details"
        (
            flock -x 200
            echo "$workflow|FAIL" >> "$RESULTS_FILE"
        ) 200>"$RESULTS_LOCK"
        cat "$test_log" >&3
        rm -f "$test_log"
        return 0
    fi

    # Marker injected into any issue/discussion/PR body this test creates so each
    # workflow's `if: contains(github.event.<event>.body, 'e2e-marker:<workflow>')`
    # filter only fires for its own trigger. Without this, parallel-batched tests
    # sharing the same event (e.g. `issues: opened`) fan out across the whole batch.
    export E2E_TRIGGER_MARKER="<!-- e2e-marker:${workflow} -->"

    local ai_type=$(extract_ai_type "$workflow")
    local ai_display_name=$(get_ai_display_name "$ai_type")
    local target_repo=$(get_target_repo "$workflow")
    local repo_display=""
    if [[ -n "$target_repo" ]]; then
        repo_display=" (target: $target_repo)"
        info "Cross-repo test targeting: $target_repo"
    fi
    
    # Run test based on workflow pattern - handles ALL test types
    local test_result="FAIL"

    case "$workflow" in
        *"fork-rejection")
            record_test_skip "$workflow" "requires a dedicated fork and a token with write access"
            cat "$test_log" >&3
            rm -f "$test_log"
            return 0
            ;;
        *"mcp-http-oidc-permission")
            record_test_skip "$workflow" "requires an HTTP MCP fixture with a GitHub OIDC trust policy"
            cat "$test_log" >&3
            rm -f "$test_log"
            return 0
            ;;
        *"linear-create-issue")
            if ! gh secret list --repo "$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME" --json name --jq '.[].name' 2>/dev/null | grep -qx 'LINEAR_API_KEY' \
                || ! gh variable list --repo "$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME" --json name --jq '.[].name' 2>/dev/null | grep -qx 'LINEAR_TEAM_ID'; then
                record_test_skip "$workflow" "requires LINEAR_API_KEY and LINEAR_TEAM_ID; see docs/e2e-external-integrations.md"
                cat "$test_log" >&3
                rm -f "$test_log"
                return 0
            fi
            ;;
        *"jira-create-issue")
            local jira_prerequisites=(JIRA_USER_EMAIL JIRA_API_TOKEN)
            local jira_secret
            for jira_secret in "${jira_prerequisites[@]}"; do
                if ! gh secret list --repo "$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME" --json name --jq '.[].name' 2>/dev/null | grep -qx "$jira_secret"; then
                    record_test_skip "$workflow" "requires JIRA_BASE_URL, JIRA_USER_EMAIL, and JIRA_API_TOKEN; see docs/e2e-external-integrations.md"
                    cat "$test_log" >&3
                    rm -f "$test_log"
                    return 0
                fi
            done
            local jira_variables=(JIRA_BASE_URL JIRA_PROJECT_KEY)
            local jira_variable
            for jira_variable in "${jira_variables[@]}"; do
                if ! gh variable list --repo "$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME" --json name --jq '.[].name' 2>/dev/null | grep -qx "$jira_variable"; then
                    record_test_skip "$workflow" "requires JIRA_BASE_URL, JIRA_PROJECT_KEY, JIRA_USER_EMAIL, and JIRA_API_TOKEN; see docs/e2e-external-integrations.md"
                    cat "$test_log" >&3
                    rm -f "$test_log"
                    return 0
                fi
            done
            ;;
        *"update-project")
            if ! gh secret list --repo "$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME" --json name --jq '.[].name' 2>/dev/null | grep -qx 'GH_AW_TEST_PAT'; then
                record_test_skip "$workflow" "requires GH_AW_TEST_PAT and a Projects V2 fixture; see docs/e2e-external-integrations.md"
                cat "$test_log" >&3
                rm -f "$test_log"
                return 0
            fi
            ;;
    esac
    
    case "$workflow" in
        *"cache-memory-concurrent-merge")
            local marker_one="first-${E2E_RUN_START_EPOCH}-$RANDOM"
            local marker_two="second-${E2E_RUN_START_EPOCH}-$RANDOM"
            local workflow_file="${workflow}.lock.yml"
            if enable_workflow "$workflow"; then
                local before_run_id
                before_run_id=$(get_latest_run_id "$workflow_file")
                local ref_args=()
                [[ -n "$DISPATCH_REF" ]] && ref_args=(--ref "$DISPATCH_REF")
                if gh workflow run "$workflow_file" "${ref_args[@]}" -f "marker=$marker_one" &>> "$LOG_FILE"; then
                    sleep 5
                    local first_run_id
                    first_run_id=$(get_latest_run_id "$workflow_file")
                    if [[ -n "$first_run_id" && "$first_run_id" != "$before_run_id" ]] \
                        && gh workflow run "$workflow_file" "${ref_args[@]}" -f "marker=$marker_two" &>> "$LOG_FILE"; then
                        sleep 5
                        local second_run_id
                        second_run_id=$(get_latest_run_id "$workflow_file")
                        if [[ -n "$second_run_id" && "$second_run_id" != "$first_run_id" ]] \
                            && wait_for_workflow "$workflow" "$first_run_id" \
                            && wait_for_workflow "$workflow" "$second_run_id"; then
                            disable_workflow "$workflow"
                            if trigger_workflow_with_inputs "$workflow" "marker=verify-$RANDOM"; then
                                local merged_body
                                merged_body=$(gh issue list --repo "$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME" --limit 20 --json body \
                                    --jq '.[].body' | grep -F "$marker_one" | grep -F "$marker_two" | head -1)
                                [[ -n "$merged_body" ]] && test_result="PASS"
                            fi
                        fi
                    fi
                fi
                disable_workflow "$workflow"
            fi
            ;;
        *"cooldown")
            if trigger_workflow_dispatch_and_await_completion "$workflow" \
                && trigger_workflow_dispatch_and_await_completion "$workflow"; then
                local cooldown_run_id="${TEST_RUN_URLS[$workflow]##*/}"
                local agent_conclusion
                agent_conclusion=$(gh run view "$cooldown_run_id" --repo "$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME" --json jobs \
                    --jq '[.jobs[] | select(.name == "agent")][0].conclusion // empty' 2>/dev/null)
                if [[ "$agent_conclusion" == "skipped" ]]; then
                    success "Second cooldown run skipped the agent job"
                    test_result="PASS"
                else
                    error "Expected second cooldown agent job to be skipped, got '$agent_conclusion'"
                fi
            fi
            ;;
        *"close-issue-duplicate-of")
            echo -e "${CYAN}━━━ Preparing duplicate issues ━━━${NC}"
            local canonical_issue
            canonical_issue=$(create_test_issue "Canonical issue for duplicate E2E" "Canonical fixture for $workflow" "" "$target_repo")
            local duplicate_issue
            duplicate_issue=$(create_test_issue "Duplicate issue for duplicate E2E" "Duplicate fixture for $workflow" "" "$target_repo")
            if [[ -n "$canonical_issue" && -n "$duplicate_issue" ]] \
                && trigger_workflow_with_inputs "$workflow" "issue_number=$duplicate_issue" "duplicate_of=$canonical_issue" \
                && validate_issue_closed_as_duplicate "$duplicate_issue" "${target_repo:-$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME}"; then
                test_result="PASS"
            fi
            ;;
        *"update-project")
            local project_issue
            project_issue=$(create_test_issue "Project update E2E fixture" "Fixture for $workflow" "" "$target_repo")
            if [[ -n "$project_issue" ]] && trigger_workflow_with_inputs "$workflow" "issue_number=$project_issue"; then
                test_result="PASS"
            fi
            ;;
        # Siderepo tests with workflow_dispatch + inputs - need to create prerequisite then trigger
        *"siderepo-add-comment"|*"siderepo-add-labels"|*"siderepo-update-issue")
            echo ""
            echo -e "${CYAN}━━━ Preparing test prerequisites ━━━${NC}"
            info "Creating test issue in target repository for $workflow..."
            local issue_title="Hello from $ai_display_name"
            local issue_num=$(create_test_issue "$issue_title" "This is a test issue for $workflow" "" "$target_repo")
            if [[ -n "$issue_num" ]]; then
                local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
                [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_url="$target_repo"
                success "Created test issue #$issue_num: https://github.com/$repo_url/issues/$issue_num"
                echo -e "${CYAN}━━━ Running workflow test ━━━${NC}"
                echo ""
                
                local workflow_success=false
                if trigger_workflow_with_inputs "$workflow" "issue_number=$issue_num"; then
                    workflow_success=true
                fi
                
                if [[ "$workflow_success" == true ]]; then
                    sleep 10
                    case "$workflow" in
                        *"add-comment")
                            if wait_for_comment "$issue_num" "Reply from $ai_display_name" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                                test_result="PASS"
                            fi
                            ;;
                        *"add-labels")
                            if wait_for_labels "$issue_num" "${ai_type}-safe-output-label-test" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                                test_result="PASS"
                            fi
                            ;;
                        *"update-issue")
                            if wait_for_issue_update "$issue_num" "$ai_display_name" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                                test_result="PASS"
                            fi
                            ;;
                    esac
                fi
            fi
            ;;
        *"siderepo-add-discussion-comment")
            echo ""
            echo -e "${CYAN}━━━ Preparing test prerequisites ━━━${NC}"
            info "Creating test discussion in target repository for $workflow..."
            local discussion_title="Hello from $ai_display_name Discussion"
            local discussion_num=$(create_test_discussion "$discussion_title" "This is a test discussion for $workflow" "General" "$target_repo")
            if [[ -n "$discussion_num" ]]; then
                local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
                [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_url="$target_repo"
                success "Created test discussion #$discussion_num: https://github.com/$repo_url/discussions/$discussion_num"
                echo -e "${CYAN}━━━ Running workflow test ━━━${NC}"
                echo ""
                
                local workflow_success=false
                if trigger_workflow_with_inputs "$workflow" "discussion_number=$discussion_num"; then
                    workflow_success=true
                fi
                
                if [[ "$workflow_success" == true ]]; then
                    sleep 10
                    if wait_for_discussion_comment "$discussion_num" "Reply from $ai_display_name Discussion" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                        test_result="PASS"
                    fi
                fi
            else
                warning "Could not create test discussion for $workflow - discussions may not be enabled on this repository"
                test_result="PASS"
            fi
            ;;
        *"siderepo-create-pull-request-review-comment")
            echo ""
            echo -e "${CYAN}━━━ Preparing test prerequisites ━━━${NC}"
            info "Creating test pull request in target repository for $workflow..."
            local pr_title="Test PR for $ai_display_name"
            local pr_info=$(create_test_pr_with_branch "$pr_title" "This PR is for testing $workflow" "$target_repo")
            if [[ -n "$pr_info" ]]; then
                IFS=',' read -r pr_num branch_name after_commit_sha repo_from_info <<< "$pr_info"
                local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
                [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_url="$target_repo"
                success "Created test PR #$pr_num: https://github.com/$repo_url/pull/$pr_num"
                echo -e "${CYAN}━━━ Running workflow test ━━━${NC}"
                echo ""
                
                local workflow_success=false
                if trigger_workflow_with_inputs "$workflow" "pull_request_number=$pr_num"; then
                    workflow_success=true
                fi
                
                if [[ "$workflow_success" == true ]]; then
                    sleep 10
                    if wait_for_pr_reviews "$pr_num" "$ai_display_name" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                        test_result="PASS"
                    fi
                fi
            fi
            ;;
        # Dispatch-workflow test: enable worker, trigger dispatcher with sentinel, wait for worker issue
        *"dispatch-workflow")
            echo ""
            echo -e "${CYAN}━━━ Preparing test prerequisites ━━━${NC}"
            local worker_workflow="test-copilot-dispatch-worker"
            if enable_workflow "$worker_workflow"; then
                # Track for cleanup in parent process
                (
                    flock -x 200
                    echo "$worker_workflow" >> "/tmp/e2e-workflows-list-$$.txt"
                ) 200>"$GLOBAL_WORKFLOWS_LOCK"
            else
                warning "Could not enable worker '$worker_workflow'; dispatch-workflow test will likely fail"
            fi
            local sentinel="dispatch-$(date +%s)-$$"
            info "Generated dispatch sentinel: $sentinel"
            echo -e "${CYAN}━━━ Running workflow test ━━━${NC}"
            echo ""
            local workflow_success=false
            if trigger_workflow_with_inputs "$workflow" "sentinel=$sentinel"; then
                workflow_success=true
            fi
            if [[ "$workflow_success" == true ]]; then
                sleep 10
                if wait_for_dispatched_issue_created "$sentinel" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                    test_result="PASS"
                fi
            fi
            ;;
        # Call-workflow test: dispatch the gateway with a sentinel; the gateway
        # activates the reusable worker (test-copilot-call-worker) via workflow_call,
        # which creates an issue carrying the sentinel. The worker runs as part of the
        # gateway run (uses:) so it does not need to be enabled separately.
        *"call-workflow")
            echo ""
            echo -e "${CYAN}━━━ Preparing test prerequisites ━━━${NC}"
            local sentinel="call-$(date +%s)-$$"
            info "Generated call-workflow sentinel: $sentinel"
            echo -e "${CYAN}━━━ Running workflow test ━━━${NC}"
            echo ""
            local workflow_success=false
            if trigger_workflow_with_inputs "$workflow" "sentinel=$sentinel"; then
                workflow_success=true
            fi
            if [[ "$workflow_success" == true ]]; then
                sleep 10
                if wait_for_dispatched_issue_created "$sentinel" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                    test_result="PASS"
                fi
            fi
            ;;
        # Upload-asset test: dispatch, then verify the orphaned assets branch got a .png
        *"upload-asset")
            echo ""
            echo -e "${CYAN}━━━ Running workflow test ━━━${NC}"
            echo ""
            local workflow_success=false
            if trigger_workflow_dispatch_and_await_completion "$workflow"; then
                workflow_success=true
            fi
            if [[ "$workflow_success" == true ]]; then
                sleep 10
                if wait_for_asset_published "assets/$workflow" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                    test_result="PASS"
                fi
            fi
            ;;
        # Update-release test: create a release fixture, dispatch with its tag, await body update
        *"update-release")            echo ""
            echo -e "${CYAN}━━━ Preparing test prerequisites ━━━${NC}"
            info "Creating test release for $workflow..."
            local release_tag=$(create_test_release "Release for $ai_display_name update-release test" "$target_repo")
            if [[ -n "$release_tag" ]]; then
                local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
                [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_url="$target_repo"
                success "Created test release '$release_tag': https://github.com/$repo_url/releases/tag/$release_tag"
                echo -e "${CYAN}━━━ Running workflow test ━━━${NC}"
                echo ""
                local workflow_success=false
                if trigger_workflow_with_inputs "$workflow" "release_tag=$release_tag"; then
                    workflow_success=true
                fi
                if [[ "$workflow_success" == true ]]; then
                    sleep 10
                    if wait_for_release_body_updated "$release_tag" "Updated by $ai_display_name update-release safe output" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                        test_result="PASS"
                    fi
                fi
            else
                error "Could not create test release for $workflow"
            fi
            ;;
        # Dispatch test for submit-pull-request-review against a locked PR
        # Validates that the workflow job exits 0 (soft skip) even though the review cannot be posted
        *"submit-pull-request-review-locked")
            echo ""
            echo -e "${CYAN}━━━ Preparing test prerequisites ━━━${NC}"
            info "Creating test pull request for $workflow (will be locked before trigger)..."
            local pr_num=$(create_test_pr "Test PR for $ai_display_name Submit Review (Locked)" "This PR is for testing $workflow — it will be locked before the workflow is triggered." "$target_repo")
            if [[ -n "$pr_num" ]]; then
                local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
                [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_url="$target_repo"
                success "Created test PR #$pr_num for $workflow: https://github.com/$repo_url/pull/$pr_num"
                # Lock the PR so the review submission hits the 422 "lock prevents review" path
                info "Locking PR #$pr_num to exercise the locked-PR soft-skip path..."
                if gh api -X PUT "repos/$repo_url/issues/$pr_num/lock" --field lock_reason="resolved" &>> "$LOG_FILE"; then
                    # lock_reason "resolved" is arbitrary — any valid reason triggers the 422 code path
                    success "Locked PR #$pr_num"
                    echo -e "${CYAN}━━━ Running workflow test ━━━${NC}"
                    echo ""
                    # Test passes if the workflow job exits 0 — no review is expected to be posted
                    if trigger_workflow_with_inputs "$workflow" "pull_request_number=$pr_num"; then
                        test_result="PASS"
                    fi
                else
                    error "Failed to lock PR #$pr_num for $workflow"
                fi
            fi
            ;;
        # Dispatch test that creates and then dismisses a bot-authored PR review.
        *"dismiss-pull-request-review")
            echo ""
            echo -e "${CYAN}━━━ Preparing test prerequisites ━━━${NC}"
            info "Creating test pull request for $workflow..."
            local pr_num=$(create_test_pr "Test PR for $ai_display_name Dismiss Review" "This PR is for testing $workflow." "$target_repo" "${E2E_PR_AUTHOR_TOKEN:-}")
            if [[ -n "$pr_num" ]]; then
                local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
                [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_url="$target_repo"
                success "Created test PR #$pr_num for $workflow: https://github.com/$repo_url/pull/$pr_num"
                if trigger_workflow_with_inputs "$workflow" "pull_request_number=$pr_num"; then
                    if wait_for_pr_review_dismissed "$pr_num" "Review created for the dismiss-pull-request-review E2E test." "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                        test_result="PASS"
                    fi
                fi
            fi
            ;;
        # Workflow dispatch tests - triggered with gh aw run
        *"create-issue"|*"create-discussion"|*"create-pull-request"|*"create-two-pull-requests"|*"code-scanning-alert"|*"create-check-run"|*"mcp"*|*"safe-jobs"|*"gh-steps"|*"restore-memory-custom-job"|*"custom-safe-outputs"|*"noop"|*"report-incomplete"|*"missing-data"|*"missing-tool"|*"assign-to-agent"*|*"set-issue-field"|*"set-issue-field-builtin-rejection"|*"issue-intents"|*"skills-frontmatter"|*"inline-sub-agents"|*"network-isolation"|*"upload-code-coverage"|*"sandbox-runtime-profile"|*"playwright-cli"|*"network-engine-domain-opt-in"|*"sandbox-exclude-env"|*"repo-memory"|*"linear-create-issue"|*"jira-create-issue"|*"steer"|*"body-footer")
            local workflow_success=false
            local expected_conclusion="success"
            if [[ "$workflow" == *"report-incomplete" || "$workflow" == *"set-issue-field-builtin-rejection" \
                || "$workflow" == *"missing-tool" || "$workflow" == *"missing-data" ]]; then
                expected_conclusion="failure"
            fi
            if trigger_workflow_dispatch_and_await_completion "$workflow" "$expected_conclusion"; then
                workflow_success=true
            fi
            
            if [[ "$workflow_success" == true ]]; then
                local validation_success=false
                case "$workflow" in
                    *"set-issue-field-builtin-rejection")
                        if validate_report_incomplete_output "$workflow" "set_issue_field rejected builtin field 'title'"; then
                            validation_success=true
                        fi
                        ;;
                    *"report-incomplete")
                        if validate_report_incomplete_output "$workflow" "Demonstrating the report-incomplete safe output from Copilot"; then
                            validation_success=true
                        fi
                        ;;
                    *"missing-tool")
                        if validate_workflow_log_contains "$workflow" "Agent emitted 1 missing_tool message(s) - activating failure handling"; then
                            validation_success=true
                        fi
                        ;;
                    *"missing-data")
                        if validate_workflow_log_contains "$workflow" "Agent emitted 1 missing_data message(s) - activating failure handling"; then
                            validation_success=true
                        fi
                        ;;
                    *"linear-create-issue"|*"jira-create-issue"|*"steer")
                        success "Workflow '$workflow' completed successfully"
                        validation_success=true
                        ;;
                    *"multi")
                        local title_prefix=$(get_title_prefix "$workflow" "$ai_type")
                        local expected_labels=$(get_expected_labels "$ai_type")
                        if validate_issue_created "$title_prefix" "$expected_labels" "$target_repo" "" "$workflow"; then
                            validation_success=true
                        fi
                        if validate_pr_created "$title_prefix" "$target_repo"; then
                            validation_success=true
                        fi
                        ;;
                    *"create-issue"|*"skills-frontmatter"|*"restore-memory-custom-job"|*"inline-sub-agents"|*"network-isolation"|*"sandbox-runtime-profile"|*"playwright-cli"|*"network-engine-domain-opt-in"|*"sandbox-exclude-env"|*"repo-memory"|*"body-footer")
                        local title_prefix=$(get_title_prefix "$workflow" "$ai_type")
                        local expected_labels=$(get_expected_labels "$ai_type")
                        local exact_title=""
                        case "$workflow" in
                            *"network-isolation")
                                exact_title="[copilot-network-isolation-test] Hello from Copilot (Network Isolation)"
                                expected_labels="copilot,automation,haiku"
                                ;;
                            *"sandbox-runtime-profile")
                                exact_title="Explicit sandbox runtime profile passed"
                                expected_labels=""
                                ;;
                            *"playwright-cli")
                                exact_title="Playwright CLI mode passed"
                                expected_labels=""
                                ;;
                            *"network-engine-domain-opt-in")
                                exact_title="Explicit Copilot network domain passed"
                                expected_labels=""
                                ;;
                            *"sandbox-exclude-env")
                                exact_title="Sandbox excluded environment passed"
                                expected_labels=""
                                ;;
                            *"body-footer")
                                exact_title="${title_prefix}body-footer composition smoke test"
                                ;;
                        esac
                        if validate_issue_created "$title_prefix" "$expected_labels" "$target_repo" "$exact_title" "$workflow"; then
                            validation_success=true
                            if [[ "$workflow" == *"body-footer"* ]] \
                                && ! wait_for_issue_body_contains "$VALIDATED_ISSUE_NUMBER" "Global footer from" "$target_repo"; then
                                validation_success=false
                            fi
                        fi
                        ;;
                    *"create-discussion")
                        local title_prefix=$(get_title_prefix "$workflow" "$ai_type")
                        local expected_labels=$(get_expected_labels "$ai_type")
                        if validate_discussion_created "$title_prefix" "$expected_labels" "$target_repo"; then
                            validation_success=true
                        fi
                        ;;
                    *"create-two-pull-requests")
                        local title_prefix=$(get_title_prefix "$workflow" "$ai_type")
                        if validate_two_prs_created "$title_prefix" "$target_repo"; then
                            validation_success=true
                        fi
                        ;;
                    *"create-pull-request")
                        local title_prefix=$(get_title_prefix "$workflow" "$ai_type")
                        if validate_pr_created "$title_prefix" "$target_repo"; then
                            validation_success=true
                        fi
                        ;;
                    *"code-scanning-alert")
                        if validate_code_scanning_alert "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                            validation_success=true
                        fi
                        ;;
                    *"mcp"*)
                        if validate_mcp_workflow "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                            validation_success=true
                        fi
                        ;;
                    *"gh-steps")
                        local title_prefix=$(get_title_prefix "$workflow" "$ai_type")
                        local expected_labels=$(get_expected_labels "$ai_type")
                        if validate_issue_created "$title_prefix" "$expected_labels" "$target_repo" "" "$workflow"; then
                            local run_url="${TEST_RUN_URLS[$workflow]:-}"
                            local expected_run_id="${run_url##*/}"
                            local repo_flag=""
                            [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_flag="--repo $target_repo"
                            local issue_title=$(gh issue view $repo_flag "$VALIDATED_ISSUE_NUMBER" --json title --jq '.title')
                            if [[ -n "$expected_run_id" ]] && echo "$issue_title" | grep -q "Test ${expected_run_id}:.*The number of issues is"; then
                                success "Issue title contains run ID $expected_run_id and expected gh-steps output: $issue_title"
                                validation_success=true
                            elif echo "$issue_title" | grep -q "The number of issues is\|Issue count report"; then
                                success "Issue title contains expected gh-steps output (run ID not verified): $issue_title"
                                validation_success=true
                            else
                                error "Issue title does not contain expected pattern 'Test <run_id>: The number of issues is' or sample title 'Issue count report': $issue_title"
                            fi
                        fi
                        ;;
                    *"assign-to-agent"|*"set-issue-field")
                        local title_prefix=$(get_title_prefix "$workflow" "$ai_type")
                        local expected_labels=$(get_expected_labels "$ai_type")
                        if validate_issue_created "$title_prefix" "$expected_labels" "$target_repo" "" "$workflow"; then
                            validation_success=true
                        fi
                        ;;
                    *)
                        success "Workflow '$workflow' completed successfully (no specific validation available)"
                        validation_success=true
                        ;;
                esac
                
                if [[ "$validation_success" == true ]]; then
                    test_result="PASS"
                fi
            fi
            ;;
        
        # Issue-triggered and command-triggered tests - need to enable, create trigger, wait
        *)
            local workflow_file_path=".github/workflows/${workflow}.lock.yml"
                if [[ ! -f "$workflow_file_path" ]]; then
                    error "Workflow file not found for '$workflow' at $workflow_file_path; marking as failed"
                    test_result="FAIL"
                else
                    local enable_success=false
                    if enable_workflow "$workflow"; then
                        enable_success=true
                        # Track for cleanup in parent process
                        (
                            flock -x 200
                            echo "$workflow" >> "/tmp/e2e-workflows-list-$$.txt"
                        ) 200>"$GLOBAL_WORKFLOWS_LOCK"
                    fi
                    
                    if [[ "$enable_success" == true ]]; then
                        case "$workflow" in
                            *"add-discussion-comment")
                                info "Creating test discussion to trigger $workflow..."
                                local discussion_title="Hello from $ai_display_name Discussion"
                                local discussion_num=$(create_test_discussion "$discussion_title" "This is a test discussion to trigger $workflow" "General" "$target_repo")
                                if [[ -n "$discussion_num" ]]; then
                                    local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
                                    [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_url="$target_repo"
                                    success "Created test discussion #$discussion_num to trigger $workflow: https://github.com/$repo_url/discussions/$discussion_num"
                                    sleep 10
                                    if wait_for_discussion_comment "$discussion_num" "Reply from $ai_display_name Discussion" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                                        test_result="PASS"
                                    fi
                                else
                                    warning "Could not create test discussion for $workflow - discussions may not be enabled on this repository"
                                    test_result="PASS"
                                fi
                                ;;
                            *"close-discussion")
                                info "Creating test discussion to trigger $workflow..."
                                local discussion_title="Test close discussion from $ai_display_name"
                                local discussion_num=$(create_test_discussion "$discussion_title" "This is a test discussion to trigger $workflow" "General" "$target_repo")
                                if [[ -n "$discussion_num" ]]; then
                                    local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
                                    [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_url="$target_repo"
                                    success "Created test discussion #$discussion_num to trigger $workflow: https://github.com/$repo_url/discussions/$discussion_num"
                                    sleep 10
                                    if wait_for_discussion_closed "$discussion_num" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                                        test_result="PASS"
                                    fi
                                else
                                    warning "Could not create test discussion for $workflow - discussions may not be enabled on this repository"
                                    test_result="PASS"
                                fi
                                ;;
                            *"add-comment")
                                info "Creating test issue to trigger $workflow..."
                                local issue_title="Hello from $ai_display_name"
                                local issue_num=$(create_test_issue "$issue_title" "This is a test issue to trigger $workflow" "" "$target_repo")
                                if [[ -n "$issue_num" ]]; then
                                    local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
                                    [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_url="$target_repo"
                                    success "Created test issue #$issue_num for $workflow: https://github.com/$repo_url/issues/$issue_num"
                                    sleep 10
                                    if wait_for_comment "$issue_num" "Reply from $ai_display_name" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                                        test_result="PASS"
                                    fi
                                fi
                                ;;
                            *"add-labels")
                                info "Creating test issue to trigger $workflow..."
                                local issue_title="Hello from $ai_display_name"
                                local issue_num=$(create_test_issue "$issue_title" "This is a test issue to trigger $workflow" "" "$target_repo")
                                if [[ -n "$issue_num" ]]; then
                                    local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
                                    [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_url="$target_repo"
                                    success "Created test issue #$issue_num for $workflow: https://github.com/$repo_url/issues/$issue_num"
                                    sleep 10
                                    if wait_for_labels "$issue_num" "${ai_type}-safe-output-label-test" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                                        test_result="PASS"
                                    fi
                                fi
                                ;;
                            *"update-issue")
                                info "Creating test issue to trigger $workflow..."
                                local issue_title="Hello from $ai_display_name"
                                local issue_num=$(create_test_issue "$issue_title" "This is a test issue to trigger $workflow" "" "$target_repo")
                                if [[ -n "$issue_num" ]]; then
                                    local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
                                    [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_url="$target_repo"
                                    success "Created test issue #$issue_num for $workflow: https://github.com/$repo_url/issues/$issue_num"
                                    sleep 10
                                    if wait_for_issue_update "$issue_num" "$ai_display_name" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                                        test_result="PASS"
                                    fi
                                fi
                                ;;
                            *"close-issue")
                                info "Creating test issue to trigger $workflow..."
                                local issue_title="Test close issue from $ai_display_name"
                                local issue_num=$(create_test_issue "$issue_title" "This is a test issue to trigger $workflow" "" "$target_repo")
                                if [[ -n "$issue_num" ]]; then
                                    local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
                                    [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_url="$target_repo"
                                    success "Created test issue #$issue_num for $workflow: https://github.com/$repo_url/issues/$issue_num"
                                    sleep 10
                                    if wait_for_issue_closed "$issue_num" "Closed by $ai_display_name safe output" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                                        test_result="PASS"
                                    fi
                                fi
                                ;;
                            *"remove-labels")
                                info "Creating test issue with label to trigger $workflow..."
                                local issue_title="Test remove label from $ai_display_name"
                                local issue_num=$(create_test_issue "$issue_title" "This is a test issue to trigger $workflow" "copilot-remove-label-test" "$target_repo")
                                if [[ -n "$issue_num" ]]; then
                                    local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
                                    [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_url="$target_repo"
                                    success "Created test issue #$issue_num with label for $workflow: https://github.com/$repo_url/issues/$issue_num"
                                    sleep 10
                                    if wait_for_label_removed "$issue_num" "copilot-remove-label-test" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                                        test_result="PASS"
                                    fi
                                fi
                                ;;
                            *"replace-label")
                                info "Creating test issue with source label to trigger $workflow..."
                                local issue_title="Test replace label from $ai_display_name"
                                local issue_num=$(create_test_issue "$issue_title" "This is a test issue to trigger $workflow" "copilot-remove-label-test" "$target_repo")
                                if [[ -n "$issue_num" ]]; then
                                    local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
                                    [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_url="$target_repo"
                                    success "Created test issue #$issue_num with source label for $workflow: https://github.com/$repo_url/issues/$issue_num"
                                    sleep 10
                                    if wait_for_label_replaced "$issue_num" "copilot-remove-label-test" "copilot-safe-output-label-test" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                                        test_result="PASS"
                                    fi
                                fi
                                ;;
                            *"update-pull-request"*)
                                info "Creating test pull request to trigger $workflow..."
                                local pr_body="This PR is for testing $workflow"
                                if [[ "$workflow" == *"replace-island" ]]; then
                                    pr_body="e2e-marker:test-copilot-update-pull-request-replace-island

Content before the managed island.
<!-- gh-aw-island-start:test-copilot-update-pull-request-replace-island -->
Original managed content.
<!-- gh-aw-island-end:test-copilot-update-pull-request-replace-island -->
Content after the managed island."
                                fi
                                local pr_num=$(create_test_pr "Test PR for $ai_display_name Update PR" "$pr_body" "$target_repo")
                                if [[ -n "$pr_num" ]]; then
                                    local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
                                    [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_url="$target_repo"
                                    success "Created test PR #$pr_num for $workflow: https://github.com/$repo_url/pull/$pr_num"
                                    sleep 10
                                    if [[ "$workflow" == *"replace-island" ]] \
                                        && wait_for_pr_body_contains "$pr_num" "The marker-delimited island was replaced by the Copilot E2E workflow." "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                                        test_result="PASS"
                                    elif [[ "$workflow" != *"replace-island" ]] \
                                        && wait_for_pr_update "$pr_num" "$ai_display_name" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                                        test_result="PASS"
                                    fi
                                fi
                                ;;
                            *"close-pull-request")
                                info "Creating test pull request to trigger $workflow..."
                                local pr_num=$(create_test_pr "Test PR for $ai_display_name Close" "This PR is for testing $workflow" "$target_repo")
                                if [[ -n "$pr_num" ]]; then
                                    local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
                                    [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_url="$target_repo"
                                    success "Created test PR #$pr_num for $workflow: https://github.com/$repo_url/pull/$pr_num"
                                    sleep 10
                                    if wait_for_pr_closed "$pr_num" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                                        test_result="PASS"
                                    fi
                                fi
                                ;;
                            *"mark-pull-request-as-ready-for-review")
                                info "Creating draft pull request to trigger $workflow..."
                                local pr_num=$(create_test_draft_pr "Test PR for $ai_display_name Mark Ready" "This PR is for testing $workflow" "$target_repo")
                                if [[ -n "$pr_num" ]]; then
                                    local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
                                    [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_url="$target_repo"
                                    success "Created draft test PR #$pr_num for $workflow: https://github.com/$repo_url/pull/$pr_num"
                                    sleep 10
                                    if wait_for_pr_ready_for_review "$pr_num" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                                        test_result="PASS"
                                    fi
                                fi
                                ;;
                            *"push-to-pull-request-branch-using-dispatch")
                                info "Creating test pull request to trigger $workflow..."
                                local pr_info=$(create_test_pr_with_branch "Test PR for $ai_display_name Push-to-Branch (Dispatch)" "This PR is for testing $workflow" "$target_repo")
                                if [[ -n "$pr_info" ]]; then
                                    IFS=',' read -r pr_num branch_name after_commit_sha repo_from_info <<< "$pr_info"
                                    local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
                                    [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_url="$target_repo"
                                    success "Created test PR #$pr_num for $workflow with branch '$branch_name': https://github.com/$repo_url/pull/$pr_num"
                                    if trigger_workflow_with_inputs "$workflow" "pull_request_number=$pr_num" "branch_name=$branch_name"; then
                                        if wait_for_branch_update "$branch_name" "$after_commit_sha" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                                            test_result="PASS"
                                        fi
                                    fi
                                fi
                                ;;
                            *"push-to-pull-request-branch-using-slash-command")
                                info "Creating test pull request to trigger $workflow..."
                                local pr_info=$(create_test_pr_with_branch "Test PR for $ai_display_name Push-to-Branch (Slash)" "This PR is for testing $workflow" "$target_repo")
                                if [[ -n "$pr_info" ]]; then
                                    IFS=',' read -r pr_num branch_name after_commit_sha repo_from_info <<< "$pr_info"
                                    local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
                                    [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_url="$target_repo"
                                    success "Created test PR #$pr_num for $workflow with branch '$branch_name': https://github.com/$repo_url/pull/$pr_num"
                                    post_pr_command "$pr_num" "/test-${ai_type}-push-to-pull-request-branch-using-slash-command" "$target_repo"
                                    if wait_for_branch_update "$branch_name" "$after_commit_sha" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                                        test_result="PASS"
                                    fi
                                fi
                                ;;
                            *"push-to-pull-request-branch")
                                info "Creating test pull request to trigger $workflow..."
                                local pr_info=$(create_test_pr_with_branch "Test PR for $ai_display_name Push-to-Branch" "This PR is for testing $workflow" "$target_repo")
                                if [[ -n "$pr_info" ]]; then
                                    IFS=',' read -r pr_num branch_name after_commit_sha repo_from_info <<< "$pr_info"
                                    local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
                                    [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_url="$target_repo"
                                    success "Created test PR #$pr_num for $workflow with branch '$branch_name': https://github.com/$repo_url/pull/$pr_num"
                                    post_pr_command "$pr_num" "/test-${ai_type}-push-to-pull-request-branch" "$target_repo"
                                    if wait_for_branch_update "$branch_name" "$after_commit_sha" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                                        test_result="PASS"
                                    fi
                                fi
                                ;;
                            *"reply-to-pull-request-review-comment")
                                info "Creating PR + review comment fixture to trigger $workflow..."
                                local fixture=$(create_test_pr_with_review_comment "Test PR for $ai_display_name Reply Review Comment" "This PR is for testing $workflow." "$target_repo")
                                if [[ -n "$fixture" ]]; then
                                    IFS=',' read -r pr_num comment_id thread_id <<< "$fixture"
                                    local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
                                    [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_url="$target_repo"
                                    success "Created test PR #$pr_num with review comment $comment_id for $workflow: https://github.com/$repo_url/pull/$pr_num"
                                    if [[ -n "$comment_id" ]] && trigger_workflow_with_inputs "$workflow" "pull_request_number=$pr_num" "comment_id=$comment_id"; then
                                        if wait_for_review_comment_reply "$pr_num" "Reply from $ai_display_name reply-to-pull-request-review-comment safe output" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                                            test_result="PASS"
                                        fi
                                    fi
                                fi
                                ;;
                            *"resolve-pull-request-review-thread")
                                info "Creating PR + review thread fixture to trigger $workflow..."
                                local fixture=$(create_test_pr_with_review_comment "Test PR for $ai_display_name Resolve Review Thread" "This PR is for testing $workflow." "$target_repo")
                                if [[ -n "$fixture" ]]; then
                                    IFS=',' read -r pr_num comment_id thread_id <<< "$fixture"
                                    local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
                                    [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_url="$target_repo"
                                    success "Created test PR #$pr_num with review thread $thread_id for $workflow: https://github.com/$repo_url/pull/$pr_num"
                                    if [[ -n "$thread_id" ]] && trigger_workflow_with_inputs "$workflow" "pull_request_number=$pr_num" "thread_id=$thread_id"; then
                                        if wait_for_review_thread_resolved "$thread_id" "$workflow"; then
                                            test_result="PASS"
                                        fi
                                    fi
                                fi
                                ;;
                            *"pull-request-review-comment")
                                info "Creating test pull request to trigger $workflow..."
                                local pr_num=$(create_test_pr "Test PR for $ai_display_name Review Comments" "This PR is for testing $workflow. Please add review comments." "$target_repo")
                                if [[ -n "$pr_num" ]]; then
                                    local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
                                    [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_url="$target_repo"
                                    success "Created test PR #$pr_num for $workflow: https://github.com/$repo_url/pull/$pr_num"
                                    post_pr_command "$pr_num" "/test-${ai_type}-create-pull-request-review-comment" "$target_repo"
                                    if wait_for_pr_reviews "$pr_num" "$ai_display_name" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                                        test_result="PASS"
                                    fi
                                fi
                                ;;
                            *"command")
                                info "Creating test issue to trigger $workflow..."
                                local issue_num=$(create_test_issue "Test Issue for $ai_display_name Commands" "This issue is for testing $workflow" "" "$target_repo")
                                if [[ -n "$issue_num" ]]; then
                                    local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
                                    [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_url="$target_repo"
                                    success "Created test issue #$issue_num for $workflow: https://github.com/$repo_url/issues/$issue_num"
                                    post_issue_command "$issue_num" "/test-${ai_type}-command What is 102+103?" "$target_repo"
                                    if wait_for_command_comment "$issue_num" "205|I'm $ai_display_name" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                                        test_result="PASS"
                                    fi
                                fi
                                ;;
                            *"update-discussion")
                                info "Creating test discussion to trigger $workflow..."
                                local discussion_title="Test update discussion from $ai_display_name"
                                local discussion_num=$(create_test_discussion "$discussion_title" "Original discussion body for update-discussion test." "General" "$target_repo")
                                if [[ -n "$discussion_num" ]]; then
                                    local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
                                    [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_url="$target_repo"
                                    success "Created test discussion #$discussion_num for $workflow: https://github.com/$repo_url/discussions/$discussion_num"
                                    sleep 10
                                    if wait_for_discussion_updated "$discussion_num" "[UPDATED]" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                                        test_result="PASS"
                                    fi
                                else
                                    warning "Could not create test discussion for $workflow - discussions may not be enabled on this repository"
                                    test_result="PASS"
                                fi
                                ;;
                            *"assign-to-user")
                                info "Creating test issue to trigger $workflow..."
                                local issue_num=$(create_test_issue "Test assign to user from $ai_display_name" "This is a test issue to trigger $workflow" "" "$target_repo")
                                if [[ -n "$issue_num" ]]; then
                                    local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
                                    [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_url="$target_repo"
                                    success "Created test issue #$issue_num for $workflow: https://github.com/$repo_url/issues/$issue_num"
                                    sleep 10
                                    if wait_for_assignee_present "$issue_num" "dsyme" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                                        test_result="PASS"
                                    fi
                                fi
                                ;;
                            *"unassign-from-user")
                                info "Creating test issue with assignee to trigger $workflow..."
                                local issue_num=$(create_test_issue "Test unassign from user from $ai_display_name" "This is a test issue to trigger $workflow" "" "$target_repo")
                                if [[ -n "$issue_num" ]]; then
                                    local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
                                    [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_url="$target_repo"
                                    local repo_flag=""
                                    [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_flag="--repo $target_repo"
                                    if gh issue edit $repo_flag "$issue_num" --add-assignee "dsyme" &>> "$LOG_FILE"; then
                                        success "Created and assigned issue #$issue_num to dsyme for $workflow: https://github.com/$repo_url/issues/$issue_num"
                                    else
                                        warning "Failed to add assignee dsyme to issue #$issue_num; test may fail"
                                    fi
                                    sleep 10
                                    if wait_for_assignee_absent "$issue_num" "dsyme" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                                        test_result="PASS"
                                    fi
                                fi
                                ;;
                            *"assign-milestone")
                                info "Ensuring milestone exists for $workflow..."
                                local milestone_title="Copilot Safe Output Test Milestone"
                                local milestone_repo="${target_repo:-$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME}"
                                ensure_milestone "$milestone_title" "$milestone_repo" >/dev/null || warning "Could not ensure milestone '$milestone_title'"
                                info "Creating test issue to trigger $workflow..."
                                local issue_num=$(create_test_issue "Test assign milestone from $ai_display_name" "This is a test issue to trigger $workflow" "" "$target_repo")
                                if [[ -n "$issue_num" ]]; then
                                    local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
                                    [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_url="$target_repo"
                                    success "Created test issue #$issue_num for $workflow: https://github.com/$repo_url/issues/$issue_num"
                                    sleep 10
                                    if wait_for_milestone_assigned "$issue_num" "$milestone_title" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                                        test_result="PASS"
                                    fi
                                fi
                                ;;
                            *"set-issue-type")
                                info "Creating test issue to trigger $workflow..."
                                local issue_num=$(create_test_issue "Test set issue type from $ai_display_name" "This is a test issue to trigger $workflow" "" "$target_repo")
                                if [[ -n "$issue_num" ]]; then
                                    local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
                                    [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_url="$target_repo"
                                    success "Created test issue #$issue_num for $workflow: https://github.com/$repo_url/issues/$issue_num"
                                    sleep 10
                                    if wait_for_issue_type "$issue_num" "Task" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                                        test_result="PASS"
                                    fi
                                fi
                                ;;
                            *"link-sub-issue")
                                info "Creating parent + sub issues to trigger $workflow..."
                                local parent_num=$(create_test_issue "[link-sub-fixture] parent for $ai_display_name" "Parent issue for link-sub-issue test." "" "$target_repo")
                                local sub_num=$(create_test_issue "[link-sub-fixture] sub for $ai_display_name" "Sub issue for link-sub-issue test." "" "$target_repo")
                                if [[ -n "$parent_num" && -n "$sub_num" ]]; then
                                    local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
                                    [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_url="$target_repo"
                                    success "Created parent #$parent_num and sub #$sub_num for $workflow"
                                    if trigger_workflow_with_inputs "$workflow" "parent_issue_number=$parent_num" "sub_issue_number=$sub_num"; then
                                        if wait_for_sub_issue_linked "$parent_num" "$sub_num" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                                            test_result="PASS"
                                        fi
                                    fi
                                fi
                                ;;
                            *"hide-comment")
                                info "Creating placeholder issue + comment for $workflow..."
                                local host_num=$(create_test_issue "[hide-comment-host] placeholder for $ai_display_name" "Placeholder issue hosting a comment to be hidden." "" "$target_repo")
                                if [[ -n "$host_num" ]]; then
                                    local comment_node_id
                                    comment_node_id=$(add_test_comment_get_node_id "$host_num" "This comment should be hidden by the $workflow safe output." "$target_repo")
                                    if [[ -n "$comment_node_id" ]]; then
                                        info "Posted comment with node ID: $comment_node_id"
                                        if trigger_workflow_with_inputs "$workflow" "comment_node_id=$comment_node_id" "host_issue_number=$host_num"; then
                                            if wait_for_comment_hidden "$comment_node_id" "$workflow"; then
                                                test_result="PASS"
                                            fi
                                        fi
                                    fi
                                fi
                                ;;
                            *"add-reviewer")
                                info "Creating test pull request to trigger $workflow..."
                                local pr_num=$(create_test_pr "Test PR for $ai_display_name Add Reviewer" "This PR is for testing $workflow" "$target_repo")
                                if [[ -n "$pr_num" ]]; then
                                    local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
                                    [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_url="$target_repo"
                                    success "Created test PR #$pr_num for $workflow: https://github.com/$repo_url/pull/$pr_num"
                                    sleep 10
                                    if wait_for_pr_reviewer_added "$pr_num" "pelikhan" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                                        test_result="PASS"
                                    fi
                                fi
                                ;;
                            *"submit-pull-request-review")
                                info "Creating test pull request to trigger $workflow..."
                                local pr_num=$(create_test_pr "Test PR for $ai_display_name Submit Review" "This PR is for testing $workflow." "$target_repo")
                                if [[ -n "$pr_num" ]]; then
                                    local repo_url="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
                                    [[ -n "$target_repo" ]] && repo_url="$target_repo"
                                    success "Created test PR #$pr_num for $workflow: https://github.com/$repo_url/pull/$pr_num"
                                    post_pr_command "$pr_num" "/test-${ai_type}-submit-pull-request-review" "$target_repo"
                                    if wait_for_pr_review_with_body "$pr_num" "Reviewed by $ai_display_name submit-pull-request-review safe output" "$workflow" "$target_repo"; then
                                        test_result="PASS"
                                    fi
                                fi
                                ;;
                        esac
                    fi
                fi
            ;;
    esac
    
    # Per-test cleanup: close issues/PRs/branches created as test fixtures.
    # Some tests (close-issue, close-pull-request, update-issue) expect the
    # workflow to close/update these; for those the close is a no-op here.
    if [[ -f "${E2E_TEST_RESOURCE_FILE:-}" ]]; then
        info "Cleaning up test fixtures for '$workflow'..."
        while IFS='|' read -r _rtype _rid _rrepo; do
            [[ -z "$_rid" ]] && continue
            local _rflag=""
            [[ -n "$_rrepo" ]] && _rflag="--repo $_rrepo"
            case "$_rtype" in
                issue)
                    gh issue close $_rflag "$_rid" \
                        --comment "Closed by e2e cleanup after test '$workflow'" \
                        &>> "$LOG_FILE" 2>/dev/null || true
                    ;;
                pr)
                    gh pr close $_rflag "$_rid" \
                        &>> "$LOG_FILE" 2>/dev/null || true
                    ;;
                branch)
                    local _brepo="${_rrepo:-$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME}"
                    gh api -X DELETE \
                        "repos/${_brepo}/git/refs/heads/${_rid}" \
                        &>> "$LOG_FILE" 2>/dev/null || true
                    ;;
                release)
                    local _rflag2=""
                    [[ -n "$_rrepo" ]] && _rflag2="--repo $_rrepo"
                    gh release delete $_rflag2 "$_rid" --yes \
                        &>> "$LOG_FILE" 2>/dev/null || true
                    ;;
            esac
        done < "$E2E_TEST_RESOURCE_FILE"
        rm -f "$E2E_TEST_RESOURCE_FILE"
    fi

    # Write result to shared file atomically
    (
        flock -x 200
        echo "$workflow|$test_result|${TEST_RUN_URLS[$workflow]:-}" >> "$RESULTS_FILE"
    ) 200>"$RESULTS_LOCK"
    
    # Output test log for aggregation
    cat "$test_log" >&3
    rm -f "$test_log"
    
    return 0
}

# Display batch progress with nice formatting
show_batch_progress() {
    local batch_num="$1"
    local total_batches="$2"
    local batch_size="$3"
    local batch_start="$4"
    local batch_end="$5"
    local total_tests="$6"
    
    echo
    echo -e "${CYAN}╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗${NC}"
    echo -e "${CYAN}║${NC}  ${PURPLE}Batch ${batch_num}/${total_batches}${NC} - Running tests ${batch_start}-${batch_end} of ${total_tests}  ${CYAN}║${NC}"
    echo -e "${CYAN}╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝${NC}"
    echo
}

# Show batch completion status
show_batch_completion() {
    local batch_num="$1"
    local passed="$2"
    local failed="$3"
    local skipped="$4"
    local total="$5"
    
    echo
    echo -e "${CYAN}╔═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗${NC}"
    echo -e "${CYAN}║${NC}  Batch ${batch_num} Complete: ${GREEN}✓ ${passed}${NC} | ${RED}✗ ${failed}${NC} | ${YELLOW}⏭ ${skipped}${NC} (${total} total)  ${CYAN}║${NC}"
    echo -e "${CYAN}╚═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝${NC}"
}

# Run tests in parallel batches (or sequentially if batch size is 1)
run_tests_parallel() {
    local patterns=("$@")
    
    local workflows
    readarray -t workflows < <(filter_tests "${patterns[@]}")
    
    if [[ ${#workflows[@]} -eq 0 ]]; then
        warning "No tests match the specified patterns"
        return 0
    fi
    
    local total_tests=${#workflows[@]}
    
    # Initialize results file for parallel/batch execution
    > "$RESULTS_FILE"
    
    local total_batches=$(( (total_tests + BATCH_SIZE - 1) / BATCH_SIZE ))
    local batch_num=1
    
    if [[ $BATCH_SIZE -eq 1 ]]; then
        info "🧪 Running tests sequentially (batch size 1)..."
    else
        info "🧪 Running tests in parallel (batch size $BATCH_SIZE)..."
    fi
    
    info "Total tests to run: $total_tests (in $total_batches batch(es) of size $BATCH_SIZE)"
    check_api_rate_limit
    echo
    
    # Process tests in batches (with batch size 1 for sequential mode)
    for ((i=0; i<total_tests; i+=BATCH_SIZE)); do
        local batch_start=$((i + 1))
        local batch_end=$((i + BATCH_SIZE))
        [[ $batch_end -gt $total_tests ]] && batch_end=$total_tests
        
        local batch_tests=("${workflows[@]:$i:$BATCH_SIZE}")
        
        show_batch_progress "$batch_num" "$total_batches" "$BATCH_SIZE" "$batch_start" "$batch_end" "$total_tests"
        throttle_if_rate_limited
        
        # Launch tests in this batch
        local pids=()
        local -A pid_to_test=()
        local -A pid_to_start=()
        local -A pid_to_throttle_file=()
        local batch_launch_time=$(date +%s)
        for test in "${batch_tests[@]}"; do
            progress "  🚀 Starting: $test"
            local throttle_file="/tmp/e2e-throttle-${test}-$$.seconds"
            printf '0\n' > "$throttle_file"
            E2E_TEST_THROTTLE_FILE="$throttle_file" run_single_test "$test" &
            local _pid=$!
            pids+=("$_pid")
            pid_to_test[$_pid]="$test"
            pid_to_start[$_pid]=$batch_launch_time
            pid_to_throttle_file[$_pid]="$throttle_file"
        done

        # Wait for batch to complete with live status
        local completed=0
        local total_in_batch=${#batch_tests[@]}
        # Leave enough grace for a worker's own timeout path to record diagnostics.
        local per_test_kill_seconds=$((TIMEOUT_MINUTES * 60 + 60))
        echo
        info "  ⏳ Waiting for $total_in_batch tests to complete (per-test kill after ${per_test_kill_seconds}s)..."

        # Use tput cuu1 (cursor up 1) + tput el (erase line) to redraw the bar
        # in-place.  Works universally: stdout must be a real TTY and tput must
        # understand the cursor-up capability.
        local can_inline=false
        if [[ -t 1 ]] && tput cuu1 >/dev/null 2>&1; then
            can_inline=true
        fi
        local bar_printed=false   # true once we have a bar line on screen to erase

        while [[ $completed -lt $total_in_batch ]]; do
            completed=0
            local running_summary=()
            local now=$(date +%s)
            for pid in "${pids[@]}"; do
                if ! kill -0 "$pid" 2>/dev/null; then
                    completed=$((completed + 1))
                    continue
                fi
                local throttle_seconds=0
                read -r throttle_seconds < "${pid_to_throttle_file[$pid]}" || throttle_seconds=0
                local elapsed=$(( now - ${pid_to_start[$pid]} - throttle_seconds ))
                # Kill tests that exceed the hard ceiling
                if [[ $elapsed -gt $per_test_kill_seconds ]]; then
                    local stuck_test="${pid_to_test[$pid]}"
                    warning "  ⏰ Killing '$stuck_test' (pid $pid) — exceeded ${per_test_kill_seconds}s"
                    kill -TERM "$pid" 2>/dev/null
                    sleep 1
                    kill -KILL "$pid" 2>/dev/null
                    # Record as FAIL so the results reader sees it
                    (
                        flock -x 200
                        echo "$stuck_test|FAIL" >> "$RESULTS_FILE"
                    ) 200>"$RESULTS_LOCK"
                    completed=$((completed + 1))
                    bar_printed=false   # warning was printed; don't try to cuu1 over it
                    continue
                fi
                running_summary+=("${pid_to_test[$pid]}(${elapsed}s)")
            done

            # Show progress bar + running test names
            if [[ $total_in_batch -gt 0 ]]; then
                local progress_pct=$(( completed * 100 / total_in_batch ))
                local filled=$(( completed * 40 / total_in_batch ))
                local empty=$(( 40 - filled ))
                local running_text=""
                if [[ ${#running_summary[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
                    running_text=" — running: $(IFS=', '; echo "${running_summary[*]}")"
                fi
                local term_width; term_width=$(tput cols 2>/dev/null || echo "${COLUMNS:-80}")
                # Visible prefix: "  [" + 40-char bar + "] N/M (PP%)"
                local visible_prefix_len=$(( 2 + 1 + 40 + 1 + 1 + ${#completed} + 1 + ${#total_in_batch} + 2 + ${#progress_pct} + 2 ))
                # Leave 1 spare column so the bar never reaches the right edge and wraps.
                local available=$(( term_width - visible_prefix_len - 1 ))
                # Note: ${#running_text} counts UTF-8 bytes, so the em-dash counts as 3.
                # That's fine — it just makes us truncate slightly earlier, never later.
                if (( available > 4 )) && (( ${#running_text} > available )); then
                    running_text="${running_text:0:$((available-1))}…"
                fi

                # If we already have a bar on screen, erase it before redrawing.
                if $can_inline && $bar_printed; then
                    tput cuu1 2>/dev/null
                    tput el   2>/dev/null
                fi

                printf "  ${BLUE}[${GREEN}%${filled}s${NC}%${empty}s${BLUE}]${NC} ${completed}/${total_in_batch} (${progress_pct}%%)%s\n" \
                    "$(printf '#%.0s' $(seq 1 $filled 2>/dev/null))" \
                    "$(printf ' %.0s' $(seq 1 $empty 2>/dev/null))" \
                    "$running_text"
                bar_printed=$can_inline
            fi

            # In CI there is no tty so bar lines accumulate in the log; poll less often.
            if [[ "${CI:-false}" == "true" ]]; then
                sleep 30
            else
                sleep 1
            fi
        done
        echo

        for pid in "${pids[@]}"; do
            rm -f "${pid_to_throttle_file[$pid]}"
        done
        
        # Read batch results
        local batch_passed=0
        local batch_failed=0
        local batch_skipped=0
        
        while IFS='|' read -r test_name result run_url; do
            for batch_test in "${batch_tests[@]}"; do
                if [[ "$test_name" == "$batch_test" ]]; then
                    [[ -n "$run_url" ]] && FINAL_RUN_URLS["$test_name"]="$run_url"
                    local url_suffix=""
                    [[ -n "$run_url" ]] && url_suffix=" $run_url"
                    case "$result" in
                        PASS)
                            success "  ✓ $test_name${url_suffix}"
                            batch_passed=$((batch_passed + 1))
                            record_test_pass "$test_name"
                            ;;
                        FAIL)
                            error "  ✗ $test_name${url_suffix}"
                            batch_failed=$((batch_failed + 1))
                            record_test_fail "$test_name"
                            ;;
                        SKIP)
                            warning "  ⏭ $test_name${url_suffix}"
                            batch_skipped=$((batch_skipped + 1))
                            SKIPPED_TESTS+=("$test_name")
                            ;;
                    esac
                    break
                fi
            done
        done < "$RESULTS_FILE"
        
        show_batch_completion "$batch_num" "$batch_passed" "$batch_failed" "$batch_skipped" "$total_in_batch"
        
        batch_num=$((batch_num + 1))
    done
    
    # Cleanup parallel execution files
    rm -f "$RESULTS_FILE" "$RESULTS_LOCK"
    
    # Load globally tracked workflows for final cleanup
    if [[ -f "/tmp/e2e-workflows-list-$$.txt" ]]; then
        while IFS= read -r wf; do
            [[ -n "$wf" ]] && GLOBAL_WORKFLOWS_TO_DISABLE+=("$wf")
        done < "/tmp/e2e-workflows-list-$$.txt"
    fi
    
    echo
}

# Main run_tests dispatcher - uses parallel with batch size for both modes
run_tests() {
    if [[ "$NO_PARALLEL" == true ]]; then
        BATCH_SIZE=1
    fi
    run_tests_parallel "$@"
}

print_final_report() {
    echo
    echo "============================================"
    echo -e "${CYAN}📊 FINAL TEST REPORT${NC}"
    echo "============================================"
    echo
    
    local total_tests=$((${#PASSED_TESTS[@]} + ${#FAILED_TESTS[@]} + ${#SKIPPED_TESTS[@]}))
    
    echo -e "${GREEN}✅ PASSED (${#PASSED_TESTS[@]}/$total_tests):${NC}"
    for test in "${PASSED_TESTS[@]}"; do
        local _u="${FINAL_RUN_URLS[$test]:-}"
        local _s=""; [[ -n "$_u" ]] && _s=" $_u"
        echo -e "   ${GREEN}✓${NC} $test${_s}"
    done
    echo
    
    if [[ ${#FAILED_TESTS[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
        echo -e "${RED}❌ FAILED (${#FAILED_TESTS[@]}/$total_tests):${NC}"
        for test in "${FAILED_TESTS[@]}"; do
            local _u="${FINAL_RUN_URLS[$test]:-}"
            local _s=""; [[ -n "$_u" ]] && _s=" $_u"
            echo -e "   ${RED}✗${NC} $test${_s}"
        done
        echo
    fi
    
    if [[ ${#SKIPPED_TESTS[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
        echo -e "${YELLOW}⏭️  SKIPPED (${#SKIPPED_TESTS[@]}/$total_tests):${NC}"
        for test in "${SKIPPED_TESTS[@]}"; do
            echo -e "   ${YELLOW}↷${NC} $test"
        done
        echo
    fi
    
    local success_rate
    if [[ $total_tests -gt 0 ]]; then
        success_rate=$(( (${#PASSED_TESTS[@]} * 100) / total_tests ))
    else
        success_rate=0
    fi
    
    echo "============================================"
    echo -e "${CYAN}📈 Success Rate: ${success_rate}% (${#PASSED_TESTS[@]}/$total_tests)${NC}"
    echo -e "${CYAN}📄 Log file: $LOG_FILE${NC}"
    echo "============================================"

    # If anything failed in this run, emit a ready-to-paste prompt for a coding agent to
    # triage the failures from the run logs.
    if [[ ${#FAILED_TESTS[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
        print_agent_triage_prompt
    fi

    if [[ ${#FAILED_TESTS[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
        info "Failures recorded in fails.txt (run './e2e.sh report' to file issues, './e2e.sh rerun' to retry)"
        exit 1
    elif [[ -f "fails.txt" ]]; then
        info "Remaining failures in fails.txt (run './e2e.sh report' to file issues, './e2e.sh rerun' to retry)"
    fi
}

# Emit a copy-paste prompt instructing a coding agent to debug the failed tests
# from the run logs and categorize each failure as transient / test-framework
# bug / gh-aw bug (filing github/gh-aw issues for the latter).
print_agent_triage_prompt() {
    # Build a detailed failed-test list with run URLs from this session.
    # Each line is: "  - <test-name>  run: <url-or-id>"
    local failed_lines=()
    if [[ ${#FAILED_TESTS[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
        for _t in "${FAILED_TESTS[@]}"; do
            local _url="${TEST_RUN_URLS[$_t]:-}"
            if [[ -n "$_url" ]]; then
                failed_lines+=("  - $_t  run: $_url")
            else
                failed_lines+=("  - $_t")
            fi
        done
    elif [[ -f "fails.txt" ]]; then
        # Falls back to fails.txt (e.g. when only --rerun was used).
        # Format: "<test-name> [<run-id> ...]" — convert run IDs to URLs.
        while IFS= read -r _line || [[ -n "$_line" ]]; do
            [[ -z "$_line" ]] && continue
            local _tname="${_line%% *}"
            local _ids_str=""
            [[ "$_line" == *" "* ]] && _ids_str="${_line#* }"
            if [[ -n "$_ids_str" ]]; then
                # Use the last run ID on the line (most recent).
                local _last_id="${_ids_str##* }"
                failed_lines+=("  - $_tname  run: https://github.com/$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME/actions/runs/$_last_id")
            else
                failed_lines+=("  - $_tname")
            fi
        done < "fails.txt"
    fi
    local failed_list
    failed_list=$(printf '%s\n' "${failed_lines[@]}")

    # Determine gh-aw ref / version / SHA for display.
    local gh_aw_ref_display sampling_display gh_aw_version_display
    if [[ -n "$GH_AW_REF" ]]; then
        gh_aw_ref_display="$GH_AW_REF"
        if [[ -n "$GH_AW_RESOLVED_SHA" ]]; then
            gh_aw_ref_display+=" (commit $GH_AW_RESOLVED_SHA)"
        fi
    else
        # Installed extension: get version on the fly.
        local _ext_ver
        _ext_ver=$(gh aw --version 2>&1 | head -1 || echo "unknown")
        gh_aw_ref_display="installed extension — $_ext_ver"
    fi
    if [[ -n "$GH_AW_VERSION_STR" ]]; then
        gh_aw_version_display="$GH_AW_VERSION_STR"
    else
        gh_aw_version_display=$(${GH_AW_BIN} --version 2>&1 | head -1 || echo "unknown")
    fi
    if [[ "$USE_SAMPLES" == true ]]; then
        sampling_display="true (--use-samples; AI engine was NOT called)"
    else
        sampling_display="false (live AI engine calls)"
    fi

    echo
    echo "============================================"
    echo -e "${CYAN}🤖 AGENT TRIAGE PROMPT${NC}"
    echo "============================================"
    echo "Copy the block below into a coding agent to investigate the failures:"
    echo
    cat <<EOF
You are triaging failures from the gh-aw-test E2E suite.
Test harness repository: $REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME (this repo; runner is e2e.sh).
Repository under test: github/gh-aw (the gh-aw CLI/compiler).
Local run log: $LOG_FILE

gh-aw ref used:    $gh_aw_ref_display
gh-aw version:     $gh_aw_version_display
Sampling (--use-samples): $sampling_display

Failed tests (${#failed_lines[@]}):
$failed_list

Goal: for EACH failed test above, access the GitHub Actions logs for its run
(use 'gh run view <run-id> --log' and 'gh run view <run-id> --log-failed'),
plus the local log $LOG_FILE, determine the root cause, and categorize the
failure as exactly one of:

  1. TRANSIENT — flaky/infra/network/rate-limit/timing; not a real defect.
     Action: note it and recommend a re-run (./e2e.sh rerun <test>).
  2. TEST-FRAMEWORK BUG — a defect in this repo's harness (e2e.sh), a workflow
     source file (.github/workflows/test-*.md), a sample, or CI config.
     Action: propose a concrete fix (file + change) in $REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME.
  3. GH-AW BUG — a defect in github/gh-aw itself (compiler output, runtime engine
     behaviour, safe-output handling, etc.).
     Action: open an issue in github/gh-aw with a minimal repro, the failing test
     name, the gh-aw ref/mode/samples combination, and links to the relevant log
     lines. Check for an existing open issue first and link it instead of filing
     a duplicate.

Steps:
  - Read AGENTS.md and memory notes in this repo for harness conventions first.
  - Group failures by suspected root cause; one gh-aw bug may explain several.
  - Produce a table: test | category | root cause | recommended action | issue/PR link.
  - Only open github/gh-aw issues for category 3, and only after confirming no
    duplicate exists.
EOF
    echo
    echo "============================================"
}

run_report() {
    local filter_test="${1:-}"

    if [[ ! -f "fails.txt" ]]; then
        error "fails.txt not found. Run e2e tests first to generate failure records."
        exit 1
    fi

    local repo_full="$REPO_OWNER/$REPO_NAME"
    local created_count=0
    local failed_count=0

    if [[ -n "$filter_test" ]]; then
        info "Creating GitHub issue for '$filter_test' from fails.txt..."
    else
        info "Creating GitHub issues for failures listed in fails.txt..."
    fi

    while IFS= read -r line || [[ -n "$line" ]]; do
        [[ -z "$line" ]] && continue

        local test_name run_ids_str
        test_name="${line%% *}"
        if [[ "$line" == *" "* ]]; then
            run_ids_str="${line#* }"
        else
            run_ids_str=""
        fi

        # Skip tests that don't match the filter
        if [[ -n "$filter_test" && "$test_name" != "$filter_test" ]]; then
            continue
        fi

        progress "Processing failure: $test_name"

        # Build run URL from the last run ID on the line; fall back to gh run list lookup
        local run_url=""
        if [[ -n "$run_ids_str" ]]; then
            local last_run_id="${run_ids_str##* }"
            run_url="https://github.com/$repo_full/actions/runs/$last_run_id"
        else
            local workflow_file="${test_name}.lock.yml"
            local run_id
            run_id=$(gh run list \
                --repo "$repo_full" \
                --workflow="$workflow_file" \
                --limit=10 \
                --json databaseId,conclusion \
                --jq '.[] | select(.conclusion == "failure" or .conclusion == "cancelled" or .conclusion == "timed_out") | .databaseId' 2>/dev/null | head -1 || echo "")

            if [[ -n "$run_id" ]]; then
                run_url="https://github.com/$repo_full/actions/runs/$run_id"
            fi
        fi

        local run_ref="${run_url:-"(run URL not found for $test_name)"}"

        local issue_body
        issue_body=$(cat <<ISSUEBODY
Workflow failure run: $run_ref

Debug this workflow failure using your favorite Agent CLI and the agentic-workflows prompt.

## Action Required

### Option 1: Assign this issue to Copilot

Assign this issue to Copilot using the agentic-workflows sub-agent to automatically debug and fix the workflow failure.

### Option 2: Manually invoke the agent

Debug this workflow failure using your favorite Agent CLI and the agentic-workflows prompt.

* Start your agent
* Load the agentic-workflows prompt from \`.github/agents/agentic-workflows.agent.md\` or https://github.com/github/gh-aw/blob/main/.github/agents/agentic-workflows.agent.md
* Type \`debug the agentic workflow $test_name failure in $run_ref\`
ISSUEBODY
        )

        local issue_url
        # Try with Copilot CCA assignment first
        if issue_url=$(gh issue create \
            --repo "$repo_full" \
            --title "Debug agentic-workflow failure: $test_name" \
            --body "$issue_body" \
            --label "e2e-status-report" \
            --assignee "copilot" 2>/dev/null); then
            success "Created issue (assigned to Copilot) for '$test_name': $issue_url"
            created_count=$((created_count + 1))
        else
            # Fall back without assignee if copilot assignment is not available
            if issue_url=$(gh issue create \
                --repo "$repo_full" \
                --title "Debug agentic-workflow failure: $test_name" \
                --body "$issue_body" \
                --label "e2e-status-report" 2>/dev/null); then
                success "Created issue for '$test_name': $issue_url"
                warning "Could not assign to Copilot CCA automatically. Assign manually via the issue UI if desired."
                created_count=$((created_count + 1))
            else
                error "Failed to create issue for '$test_name'"
                failed_count=$((failed_count + 1))
            fi
        fi
    done < "fails.txt"

    echo
    if [[ $created_count -gt 0 ]]; then
        success "Created $created_count issue(s) for failed tests"
    fi
    if [[ $failed_count -gt 0 ]]; then
        error "Failed to create $failed_count issue(s)"
        exit 1
    fi
}

run_rerun() {
    local filter_test=""

    # Parse options and an optional positional TEST_NAME filter. This mirrors
    # the option parsing in main() so that flags like --gh-aw-ref work with the
    # rerun subcommand (e.g. './e2e.sh rerun --gh-aw-ref main').
    while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
        case $1 in
            --use-samples)
                USE_SAMPLES=true
                shift
                ;;
            --verbose|-v)
                VERBOSE=true
                shift
                ;;
            --batch-size)
                if [[ $# -lt 2 || ! "$2" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
                    error "--batch-size requires a positive integer value"
                    exit 1
                fi
                BATCH_SIZE="$2"
                shift 2
                ;;
            --batch-size=*)
                BATCH_SIZE="${1#*=}"
                if [[ ! "$BATCH_SIZE" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
                    error "--batch-size requires a positive integer value"
                    exit 1
                fi
                shift
                ;;
            --no-parallel)
                NO_PARALLEL=true
                shift
                ;;
            --gh-aw-ref)
                if [[ $# -lt 2 || -z "$2" ]]; then
                    error "--gh-aw-ref requires a value (branch, tag, or SHA)"
                    exit 1
                fi
                GH_AW_REF="$2"
                shift 2
                ;;
            --gh-aw-ref=*)
                GH_AW_REF="${1#*=}"
                if [[ -z "$GH_AW_REF" ]]; then
                    error "--gh-aw-ref requires a value (branch, tag, or SHA)"
                    exit 1
                fi
                shift
                ;;
            --branch)
                if [[ $# -lt 2 || -z "$2" ]]; then
                    error "--branch requires a value (branch name to push/dispatch from)"
                    exit 1
                fi
                E2E_BRANCH="$2"
                shift 2
                ;;
            --branch=*)
                E2E_BRANCH="${1#*=}"
                if [[ -z "$E2E_BRANCH" ]]; then
                    error "--branch requires a value (branch name to push/dispatch from)"
                    exit 1
                fi
                shift
                ;;
            -*)
                error "Unknown option for rerun: $1"
                exit 1
                ;;
            *)
                if [[ -n "$filter_test" ]]; then
                    error "rerun accepts at most one TEST_NAME filter (got '$filter_test' and '$1')"
                    exit 1
                fi
                filter_test="$1"
                shift
                ;;
        esac
    done

    if [[ ! -f "fails.txt" ]]; then
        error "fails.txt not found. Run e2e tests first to generate failure records."
        exit 1
    fi

    # Read test names from fails.txt
    local rerun_tests=()
    while IFS= read -r line || [[ -n "$line" ]]; do
        [[ -z "$line" ]] && continue
        local test_name="${line%% *}"
        if [[ -n "$filter_test" && "$test_name" != "$filter_test" ]]; then
            continue
        fi
        rerun_tests+=("$test_name")
    done < "fails.txt"

    if [[ ${#rerun_tests[@]} -eq 0 ]]; then
        success "No failures to rerun"
        return 0
    fi

    info "Re-running ${#rerun_tests[@]} failed test(s) from fails.txt..."
    for t in "${rerun_tests[@]}"; do
        echo "   - $t"
    done
    echo

    check_prerequisites
    disable_all_workflows_before_testing
    run_tests "${rerun_tests[@]}"
    print_final_report
    cleanup_on_exit
}

main() {
    # Handle subcommands before any other processing
    if [[ "${1:-}" == "report" ]]; then
        run_report "${2:-}"
        return 0
    fi
    if [[ "${1:-}" == "rerun" ]]; then
        shift
        run_rerun "$@"
        return 0
    fi

    echo -e "${CYAN}🧪 GitHub Agentic Workflows End-to-End Testing${NC}"
    echo -e "${CYAN}=================================================${NC}"
    echo
    
    # Parse command line arguments
    local dry_run=false
    local specific_tests=()
    
    while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
        case $1 in
            --dry-run|-n)
                dry_run=true
                shift
                ;;
            --use-samples)
                USE_SAMPLES=true
                shift
                ;;
            --verbose|-v)
                VERBOSE=true
                shift
                ;;
            --batch-size)
                if [[ $# -lt 2 || ! "$2" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
                    error "--batch-size requires a positive integer value"
                    exit 1
                fi
                BATCH_SIZE="$2"
                shift 2
                ;;
            --batch-size=*)
                BATCH_SIZE="${1#*=}"
                if [[ ! "$BATCH_SIZE" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
                    error "--batch-size requires a positive integer value"
                    exit 1
                fi
                shift
                ;;
            --no-parallel)
                NO_PARALLEL=true
                shift
                ;;
            --gh-aw-ref)
                if [[ $# -lt 2 || -z "$2" ]]; then
                    error "--gh-aw-ref requires a value (branch, tag, or SHA)"
                    exit 1
                fi
                GH_AW_REF="$2"
                shift 2
                ;;
            --gh-aw-ref=*)
                GH_AW_REF="${1#*=}"
                if [[ -z "$GH_AW_REF" ]]; then
                    error "--gh-aw-ref requires a value (branch, tag, or SHA)"
                    exit 1
                fi
                shift
                ;;
            --branch)
                if [[ $# -lt 2 || -z "$2" ]]; then
                    error "--branch requires a value (branch name to push/dispatch from)"
                    exit 1
                fi
                E2E_BRANCH="$2"
                shift 2
                ;;
            --branch=*)
                E2E_BRANCH="${1#*=}"
                if [[ -z "$E2E_BRANCH" ]]; then
                    error "--branch requires a value (branch name to push/dispatch from)"
                    exit 1
                fi
                shift
                ;;
            --help|-h)
                echo "Usage: $0 [OPTIONS] [TEST_PATTERNS...]"
                echo "       $0 report"
                echo "       $0 rerun"
                echo ""
                echo "Subcommands:"
                echo "  report [TEST_NAME]         Create GitHub issues for failures in fails.txt"
                echo "                             If TEST_NAME given, only file an issue for that test"
                echo "  rerun [TEST_NAME]          Re-run failed tests from fails.txt"
                echo "                             If TEST_NAME given, only re-run that test"
                echo ""
                echo "Options:"
                echo "  --dry-run, -n              Show what would be tested without running"
                echo "  --use-samples              Use declared samples for more deterministic testing"
                echo "  --verbose, -v              Stream build/compile/version diagnostics to stdout"
                echo "                             (otherwise they only go to the run's log file)."
                echo "  --batch-size <N>           Run tests in parallel batches of N tests (default: 10)"
                echo "  --no-parallel              Disable parallel execution (run tests sequentially)"
                echo "  --gh-aw-ref <ref>          Run E2E tests against gh-aw at this branch/tag/SHA."
                echo "                             Resets parallel ../gh-aw checkout to <ref>, runs"
                echo "                             'make build' there, then recompiles with"
                echo "                             '../gh-aw/gh-aw compile --gh-aw-ref <ref>' so the"
                echo "                             generated lock.yml files reference"
                echo "                             github/gh-aw/actions/setup@<ref> at runtime."
                echo "  --branch <name>            Push recompiled workflows to <name> (force-push)"
                echo "                             instead of main, and dispatch every test with"
                echo "                             '--ref <name>'. Isolates matrix entries from each"
                echo "                             other and from main. Also honoured via the"
                echo "                             E2E_BRANCH environment variable."
                echo "  --help, -h                 Show this help message"
                echo ""
                echo "TEST_PATTERNS:"
                echo "  Specific test names or glob patterns to run:"
                echo "    ./e2e.sh test-claude-create-issue"
                echo "    ./e2e.sh test-claude-* test-codex-* test-copilot-*"
                echo "    ./e2e.sh test-*-create-issue"
                echo ""
                echo "By default, all tests are run."
                exit 0
                ;;
            -*)
                error "Unknown option: $1"
                echo "Use --help for usage information"
                exit 1
                ;;
            *)
                # This is a test pattern
                specific_tests+=("$1")
                shift
                ;;
        esac
    done
    
    if [[ "$dry_run" == true ]]; then
        info "DRY RUN MODE - Showing what would be tested:"
        echo
        
        if [[ ${#specific_tests[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
            info "🎯 Test Patterns: ${specific_tests[*]}"
            echo
        fi
        
        info "Tests:"
        local workflows
        readarray -t workflows < <(filter_tests "${specific_tests[@]}")
        if [[ ${#workflows[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
            for workflow in "${workflows[@]}"; do
                echo "   - $workflow"
            done
        else
            echo "   (no tests match the specified patterns)"
        fi
        echo
        
        exit 0
    fi
    
    local run_started_at
    run_started_at=$(date -u '+%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ')
    log "Starting e2e tests at $(date)"

    # Close stale E2E-owned issues/PRs left from previous runs.
    cleanup_stale_resources

    check_prerequisites
    
    disable_all_workflows_before_testing

    if [[ ${#specific_tests[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
        info "🎯 Running specific tests: ${specific_tests[*]}"
    fi
    
    run_tests "${specific_tests[@]}"

    # Catch workflow outputs that were created but escaped per-test tracking,
    # for example when validation failed before discovering the resource.
    cleanup_test_resources "$run_started_at" since
    
    print_final_report
    
    # Cleanup TEMP_USER_PAT secret
    cleanup_on_exit
    
    log "E2E tests completed at $(date)"
}

# Handle script interruption and exit
trap 'error "Script interrupted"; cleanup_on_exit; exit 130' INT TERM
trap 'cleanup_on_exit' EXIT

main "$@"