diff --git a/math_utils.py b/math_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca2cfa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/math_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+"""
+Basic mathematical calculations utility module.
+
+Resolves: https://github.com/rwtamCaltech/PhasenetGaMMaLocalTestScripts/issues/4
+"""
+
+import math
+
+
+def add(a, b):
+    """Return the sum of a and b."""
+    return a + b
+
+
+def subtract(a, b):
+    """Return the difference of a minus b."""
+    return a - b
+
+
+def multiply(a, b):
+    """Return the product of a and b."""
+    return a * b
+
+
+def divide(a, b):
+    """Return a divided by b.
+
+    Raises ValueError if b is zero.
+    """
+    if b == 0:
+        raise ValueError("Cannot divide by zero.")
+    return a / b
+
+
+def power(base, exp):
+    """Return base raised to the power of exp."""
+    return base ** exp
+
+
+def square_root(n):
+    """Return the square root of n.
+
+    Raises ValueError if n is negative.
+    """
+    if n < 0:
+        raise ValueError("Cannot compute square root of a negative number.")
+    return math.sqrt(n)
+
+
+def mean(values):
+    """Return the arithmetic mean of a non-empty list of numbers.
+
+    Raises ValueError if values is empty.
+    """
+    if not values:
+        raise ValueError("Cannot compute mean of an empty list.")
+    return sum(values) / len(values)
+
+
+def median(values):
+    """Return the median of a non-empty list of numbers.
+
+    Raises ValueError if values is empty.
+    """
+    if not values:
+        raise ValueError("Cannot compute median of an empty list.")
+    sorted_vals = sorted(values)
+    n = len(sorted_vals)
+    mid = n // 2
+    if n % 2 == 1:
+        return sorted_vals[mid]
+    return (sorted_vals[mid - 1] + sorted_vals[mid]) / 2