programmers.txt

	- PROGRAMMER'S MANUAL -

==============================================================================

・State at program startup

Registers

a0	Address of memory management pointer
a1	End address of program + 1
a2	Command-line address
a3	Environment address
a4	Program start address
sr	User mode
usp	Parent stack
ssp	System stack
Others	undefined

Memory
	The maximum memory that can be allocated is allocated.

Command-line structure
	LASCII format, length of character string is the first byte, and 0 is added at the end of the string.

Environment
	If you change the contents of the environment with DOS _SETENV in the parent environment itself, the parent's environment will also be changed.
	When executing a child process under different environments, separate memory is allocated and a new environment is prepared.

Structure of the environment
	The size of the environment variable area is indicated in the first 4 bytes.
	Each environment variable is delimited by one byte of 0, and the end of the environment variable is given another zero byte.

==============================================================================

・Memory management pointer

offset	size
0	1.l	Previous memory management pointer(If it is 0)
4	1.l	The memory management pointer of the process that secured this memory(0 if there is no parent)
8	1.l	End address of this memory block + 1
12	1.l	Next memory management pointer (end if 0)

	The memory management pointer always starts from the address (16 byte
	boundary) whose lower 4 bits are 0, and the head exists in the supervisor
	area of the OS main body.

	It is the most significant byte of the 4th byte (the process that
	allocated memory) and represents the attribute of that memory block.

	$ff	Resident process(KEEP)
	$fe	unknown(MEMDRV)
	$fd	Sub memory block

==============================================================================

・Process management pointer (256 bytes)

offset	size
$0000	 1.l	Previous memory management pointer (leading 0)					┐
$0004	 1.l	Process management pointer of the parent process (0 if there is no parent)	│Memory management
$0008	 1.l	End address of this memory block + 1						│    Pointer
$000c	 1.l	Next memory management pointer (end if 0)					┘

$0010	 1.l	Environment's address (not secured if -1)
$0014	 1.l	Return address at end
$0018	 1.l	Return address when interrupted by CTRL + C
$001c	 1.l	Return address when interrupted due to error
$0020	 1.l	Command line address
$0024	12.b	Process file handler usage
		(In use = 1 in the order of bits 0 to 7 of $ 24 to $ 2f)
$0030	 1.l	Start address of BSS
$0034	 1.l	Head address of heap (same as BSS)
$0038	 1.l	Initial stack address (end of heap + 1)
$003c	 1.l	USP of parent process
$0040	 1.l	SSP of parent process
$0044	 1.w	SR of parent process
$0046	 1.w	SR at abort
$0048	 1.l	SSP at abort
$004c	 1.l	A vector of trap #10
$0050	 1.l	A vector of trap #11
$0054	 1.l	A vector of trap #12
$0058	 1.l	A vector of trap #13
$005c	 1.l	A vector of trap #14
$0060	 1.l	shell startup flag (0: normal startup - 1: started as shell)
$0064	 1.b	Module number
$0065	 3.b	(Unused)
$0068	 1.l	Memory management pointer of loaded child process
$006a	 5.l	(Unused)
$0080	 2.b	Drive name of executable file
$0082	66.b	Path name of executable file
$00c4	24.b	File name of executable file
$00dc	 9.l	(Unused)

$0100		(Program top)

==============================================================================

・Memory map

address
$0000_0000	Exception vector table (maker reservation: $00 to $3f)
$0000_0100		〃	       (user interrupt: $40 to $ff)
$0000_0400	IOCS call vector table
$0000_0800	IOCS work
$0000_1000	ROM debugger work (1)
$0000_1800	DOS call vector table
$0000_1c00	Human 68k work
$0000_2000	FD IPL / HD IPL MENU
$0000_2400	HD IPL
$0000_2800	ROM debugger work (2)
$0000_3800	Not used (HD IPL will also be used after start of $2400)
$0000_6800	Human68k / SSP

$00c0_0000	GV-RAM(2MB)
$00e0_0000	TV-RAM(512KB)
$00e8_0000	CRTC
$00e8_2000	VC
$00e8_4000	DMAC
$00e8_6000	Area set
$00e8_8000	MFP
$00e8_a000	RTC
$00e8_c000	Printer
$00e8_e000	System port
$00e9_0000	OPM
$00e9_2000	ADPCM
$00e9_4000	FDC
$00e9_6000	SPC (SCSI model) / HDC (SASI model)
$00e9_8000	SCC
$00e9_a000	i8255 (joystick)
$00e9_c000	I/O controller
$00e9_e000	Coprocessor I/O 0
$00e9_e080	〃		1
$00ea_0000	SCSI board (SPC port and SCSI ROM, 8 KB)
$00ea_ff80	Extended area set (X68030)
$00ec_0000	User I / O (usable with expansion board, 64 KB)
$00ed_0000	SRAM(16KB)
$00ed_4000	Spare (48 KB)
$00ee_0000	Not used (128KB)
$00f0_0000	CGROM(768KB)

(X68000 SASI)
$00fc_0000	The same contents as $fe0000〜$ffffff are read out.
$00fe_0000	ROM Debugger
$00fe_4fc0	ROM Human IPL
$00fe_5000	Human68k version 1.00
$00ff_0000	IPL / ROM IOCS
$00ff_dc00	ROM DISK

(X68000 SCSI)
$00fc_0000	SCSI IOCS / SCSI IPL(8KB)
$00fe_0000	ROM Debugger		(Same as SASI model)
$00fe_4fc0	ROM Human IPL		(	〃	)
$00fe_5000	Human68k version 1.00	(	〃	)
$00ff_0000	IPL / ROM IOCS(64KB)

(X68030)
$00fc_0000	SCSI IPL header part(512byte)
$00fc_0200	Human68k version 2.15
$00fc_e000	FLOAT2.X version 2.02
$00fd_3800	ROM Debugger
$00ff_0000	IPL / ROM IOCS / SCSI IOCS(64KB)

$0100_0000〜	Reservation

note	Just after resetting, $0000〜$ffff can read the same contents as $ff0000〜$ffffff.

==============================================================================

・CRTC

address	size
$e80000	1.w	R00	水平トータル		┐
$e80002	1.w	R01	水平同期終了位置	│Horizontal timing control
$e80004	1.w	R02	水平表示開始位置	│
$e80006	1.w	R03	水平表示終了位置	┘
$e80008	1.w	R04	垂直トータル		┐
$e8000a	1.w	R05	垂直同期終了位置	│Vertical timing control
$e8000c	1.w	R06	垂直表示開始位置	│
$e8000e	1.w	R07	垂直表示終了位置	┘
$e80010	1.w	R08	外部同期水平アジャスト	: Horizontal position fine adjustment
$e80012	1.w	R09	ラスタ番号		: For raster interrupt
$e80014	1.w	R10	X 位置			┐Scrolling text screen
$e80016	1.w	R11	Y 位置			┘
$e80018	1.w	R12	X0			┐
$e8001a	1.w	R13	Y0			│
$e8001c	1.w	R14	X1			│
$e8001e	1.w	R15	Y1			│Scroll graphic screen
$e80020	1.w	R16	X2			│
$e80022	1.w	R17	Y2			│
$e80024	1.w	R18	X3			│
$e80026	1.w	R19	Y3			┘
$e80028	1.w	R20	Memory mode / display mode control
$e8002a	1.w	R21	Simultaneous access / raster copy / fast clear plane selection
$e8002c	1.w	R22	For raster copy operation: raster number
$e8002e	1.w	R23	Text screen access mask pattern
$e80481	1.b	action	Image capture / fast clear / raster copy control

==============================================================================

・Video controller

address	size
$e82000	 256.w	Graphic palette
$e82200	  16.w	Text palette   (Palette block 0)
$e82220	 240.w	Sprite palette ( 〃 1〜15)
$e82400	   1.w	R0 (Screen mode setting)
$e82500	   1.w	R1 (Priority control)
$e82600	   1.w	R2 (Special Priority / Screen Display)

==============================================================================

・System port

address
$e8e001	#1	contrast
		bit 3〜0	CONTRAST	0:暗い〜$f:明るい
$e8e003	#2	ディスプレイ／3D スコープ
		bit 3		TV CTRL	   Read	0:ディスプレイの電源 ON	1:OFF
					  Write	0:Display 制御信号 0	1:同 1
		bit 1		3D-L		0:3Dｽｺ-ﾌﾟ左ｼｬｯﾀ- CLOSE	1:OPEN
		bit 0		3D-R		0:〃	 右〃	 CLOSE	1:OPEN
$e8e005	#3	カラーイメージユニット(bit 4〜0)
$e8e007	#4	キーボード／NMI／ドットクロック
		bit 3		KEY CTRL   Read	0:キーボード非接続	1:接続
					  Write	0:キーデータ送信不可	1:許可
		bit 2		NMI RESET	0:NMI リセットしない	1:する
		bit 1		HRL		0:分周比 1/2,1/3,1/6
						1:	 1/2,1/4,1/8
$e8e009	#5	ROM/DRAM ウェイト
		bit 7〜4	ROM  Wait Control
		bit 3〜0	DRAM Wait Control
				ウェイト数は設定値＋2. ただし、DRAM アクセスは
				スタティックカラム動作中 0、ページ間をまたぐ時
				は 4.
$e8e00b	#6	MPU 種別／動作クロック
		bit 7〜4	MPU Type
				  $f:68000 $e:68020 $d:68030 $c:68040
		bit 3〜0	MPU Clock(MHz)
				  $f:10 $e:16 $d:20 $c:25 $b:33 $a:40 $9:50
$e8e00d	#7	SRAM 書き込み
		bit 7〜0	SRAM Write Enable Control
				$31 で SRAM 書き込み可能.
$e8e00f	#8	本体電源 OFF
		bit 3〜0	Power Off Control
				$00,$0f,$0f の順に書き込むと電源 OFF.

==============================================================================

・SRAM

address	size	初期値
$ed0000	8.b	'Ｘ68000',$57	Memory check data
$ed0008	1.l	$0020_0000	Implemented main memory capacity (SASI: $100000, 030: $400000)
$ed000c	1.l	$00fc_0000	Pointer to ROM start address (1.l)
				($fc???? の場合 ID=????/4 の SCSI から起動)
$ed0010	1.l	$00ed_0100	SRAM 起動アドレス
$ed0014	1.l	-1		アラームで起動後、電原 OFF までの時間(分単位)
				(IOCS _ALARMSET の d2.l -1)
$ed0018	1.w	0		最優先ブートデバイス(n はドライブ番号)
				$0000	STD(2HD → HD → ROM → RAM)
				$8n00	SASI-HD n
				$9n70	2HD n
				$a000	ROM(通常は SCSI ROM)
				$b000	RAM(通常は SRAM)
				上記以外の値は STD と見なされる. STD 以外から
				起動できなかった場合は STD で起動を試みる.
$ed001a	1.w	$4e07		RS-232C の設定(IOCS _SET232C の引数と同じ)
				bit 15〜14 : ストップビット
						(0,3:2bit 1:1bit 2:1.5bit)
				bit 13〜12 : パリティ(0,2:なし 1:奇数 3:偶数)
				bit 11〜10 : ビット長
						(0:5bit 1:6bit 2:7bit 3:8bit)
				bit	 9 : XON/XOFF 処理(0:OFF 1:ON)
				bit	 8 : SI/SO 処理(0:OFF 1:ON) ※使用禁止
				bit  3〜 0 : 転送速度(bps)
						(0:  75 1: 150 2: 300 3: 600
						 4:1200 5:2400 6:4800 7:9600)
					     (X68030 のみ 8:17361 も指定可能)
$ed001c	1.b	0		起動時のキー LED の状態(電原 OFF 時の状態が
				bit 7	未使用			待避されている)
				bit 6	全角
				bit 5	ひらがな
				bit 4	INS
				bit 3	CAPS
				bit 2	コード入力
				bit 1	ローマ字
				bit 0	かな
				bit = 0 で消灯、1 で点灯
$ed001d	1.b	16		Screen mode at startup(IOCS CRTMOD の d1)
				As the error display routine in ROM IOCS only supports 16 modes, do not set values other than 16 as much as possible.
				Human 68k always starts in 16 modes.
$ed001e	1.l	0		Operation when activated by alarm(IOCS _ALARMSET の a1)
				       0:Stand up as usual(Boot from specified media). If the time until turning OFF is other than -1, turn the main unit OFF after the specified time.
				$01〜$3f:Control the TV.
					 OIf the time to FF is -1, only the main body is turned off after 1 minute. Otherwise it turns off the main body and the television after the specified time.
				$40〜	:$000040〜$ffffff までのアドレス指定.
					 先頭バイトが $60 ならスーパーバイザの
					 ままそのアドレスをコールし、そのサブ
					 ルーチンから戻ると本体を OFF.
				      -1:普通に立ち上がる(指定のメディアからブ
					 ート). テレビの制御はしない. OFF する
					 までの時間が -1 以外なら、指定時間後
					 本体を OFF.
$ed0022	1.l	$ffff_0000	アラームで起動する時間(IOCS _ALARMSET の d1)
				bit 31〜28	未使用(0)
				bit 27〜24	曜日(0〜6)
				bit 23〜16	日(01〜31:BCD2桁)
				bit 15〜 8	時(00〜23:BCD2桁)
				bit  7〜 0	分(00〜59:BCD2桁)
				それぞれ $f は無視を表す.
$ed0026	1.b	7		アラームの禁止/許可(0:許可 7:禁止)
$ed0027	1.b	0		OPT.2 キーをテレビコントロールに使用するか
							(0:使用する 1:しない)
$ed0028	1.b	14		コントラストのシステム既定値(0〜15)
$ed0029	1.b	0		本体 OFF 時に FD をイジェクトするか
						(0:イジェクトしない 1:する)
$ed002a	1.b	$0d		本体 OFF 時に行うテレビコントロールのコード
$ed002b	1.b	0		キーボードの配列	0:JIS配列
							1:あいうえお配列
$ed002c	1.b	0		電卓の文字フォント	0:LCD
							1:通常のフォント
$ed002d	1.b	0		SRAM 使用状態
					0:未使用  1:SRAMDISK  2:プログラム
$ed002e	1.w	$0000		System specification value of text palette 0
$ed0030	1.w	$f83e			〃	 1 〃
$ed0032	1.w	$ffc0			〃	 2 〃
$ed0034	1.w	$fffe			〃	 3 〃
$ed0036	1.w	$de6c			〃	 4〜 7 〃
$ed0038	1.w	$4022			〃	 8〜15 〃
$ed003a	1.b	3		Time until key auto repeat starts(0〜15)
								200+100N[ms]
$ed003b	1.b	2		Key repeat interval(0〜15)	 30+5N^2[ms]
$ed003c	1.l	$0008_0000	Printer timeout time
$ed0040	1.l	0		Integrated operation time from the initialization of SRAM to the last time It is integrated every time main unit OFF and software reset (in minutes).
$ed0044	1.l	0		Number of times the main body is turned OFF after SRAM is initialized is added for each body OFF.
$ed0048	1.l	$00ff_dc00	ROMDISK FAT start address(030:$00ff_f400)
(ROM DISK's BPB)
$ed004c	1.w	1024		Number of bytes per sector
$ed004e	1.b	1		Number of sectors per cluster
$ed004f	1.b	1		Number of FAT regions
$ed0050	1.w	0		Number of reserved areas
$ed0052	1.w	32		Number of entries in the root directory
$ed0054	1.w	9		Number of sectors in all areas (030: 3)
$ed0056	1.b	$f9		Media byte
$ed0057	1.b	1		Number of sectors per FAT area

$ed0058	1.b	0		Using ROM debugger($00:OFF $ff:ON)
$ed0059	1.b	0		$7c,$7e,$5c(\~|) Character conversion flag
				bit 2	0:｜ 1:｜(Dashed line)
				bit 1	0:￣ 1:〜
				bit 0	0:￥ 1:＼
$ed005a	1.b	0		Number of SASI-HD connections(0〜15)
				An error occurs at the IOCS level above the specified number.
$ed005b	1.b	0		System reservation
(RSDRV.SYS)
$ed005c	1.w	0($4e07)	Extended RS-232C setting
$ed005e	1.w	0($4e07)	〃  See $ ed001a for details.
$ed0060	1.w	0($4e07)	〃  However, if bits 3 to 0 = 8, 19200 bps
$ed0062	1.w	0($4e07)	〃
$ed0064	11.b	0		System reservation
(SCSI)
$ed006f	1.b	0('V')		SCSI application flag(0:Disabled $56='V':Effectiveness)
$ed0070	1.b	0		SCSI relationship(bit 7〜4 Valid for X68030 and later)
				bit 7	 Number of words transferred per DMA
						(0:256 bytes
						 1:Variable with $cc0, usually 512 bytes)
				bit 6	 Ignore device type at boot
						(0:0,4,5,7,$84 Boot only
						 1:Ignore device type)
				bit 5	 DMA burst mode(Currently fixed at 0)
						(0:Auto request maximum speed
						 1:Initial auto request, afterwards external request transfer)
				bit 4	 Transfer mode(0:DMA transfer 1:MPU transfer)
				bit 3	 Types of SCSI
						(0:Built in 1:Option board)
				bit 2〜0 ID number of main unit
$ed0071	1.b	0		SASI flag
					When a SASI disk is connected to SCSI, set the bit corresponding to the SASI ID to 1.
(SX-WINDOW)
$ed0072	2.b	0('SX')		SX-WINDOW environment flag(Busy with 'SX')
$ed0074	1.b	0(6)		Movement amount of mouse pointer(Late $03 to $0a speed)
$ed0075	1.b	0(6)		Double mouse click feeling(短 $00〜$0c 長)
$ed0076	1.b	0(96)		Text Palette Hue:H($00〜$bf)
$ed0077	1.b	0(2)			〃	saturation:S($00〜$1f)
$ed0078	1.b	0(%11111_110)		〃	brightness:V0,V1($88〜$ff)
$ed0079	1.b	0(%00_10000_0)			brightness:V1,V2,V3($82〜$ba)
$ed007a	1.b	0(%0000_0000)			brightness:V3($00〜$e0)
$ed007b	1.b	0(0)		Printer driver(PRTD)ID
				0:SHARP CZ 24 ピン	5:EPSON ESC/P24-J84･C
				1:EPSON ESC/P24-J83･C	6:ADOBE PostScript
				2:NEC PC-PR***		7:CANON LIPS3
				3:SHARP CZ 48 ピン	8:EPSON ESC/Page
				4:CANON BJ-***
$ed007c	1.b	0(%0010_0011)	bit 7〜4:Version number
					%0000	SXWIN.X Ver.1.0
					%0001	SXWIN.X Ver.1.1
					%0010	SXWIN.X Ver.3.0
				bit 3〜0:File save mode
				(bit 1:DIRDTOP.SX 保存)
				(bit 0:SYSDTOP.SX 保存)
$ed007d	1.b	0(0)		Background picture (PICT) ID
				0:System 0	1:System 1	2:User defined
$ed007e	1.b	0(0)		SX-WINDOW 画面モード
				bit 7	0:768x512,16 colors   1:Designated with lower bits
				bit 6	0:Display screen mode  1:Real screen mode
				bit 5〜0:IOCS _CRTMOD での値
$ed007f	1.b	0		System reservation
$ed0080	4.w	0(0,0,0,0)	Window margin(Left, up, right, down)
$ed0088	8.b	0		System reservation
(X68030)
$ed0090	1.b	0		Standard cache state(bit=0:OFF 1:ON)
				bit 1	Data cache
				bit 0	Instruction cache
$ed0091	1.b	0		Sound setting at startup(0:OPM performance OFF other than that:ON)
$ed0092	1.b	0		Weight value equivalent to 10 MHz(0 の場合は 10 と見なす)
$ed0093	1.b	0		16MHz 〃	      (0 の場合は 4 と見なす)

$ed0094	4.b	0		System reservation
(Mach-2)
$ed0098	2.b	0($4368)	Mach-2 Magic number
$ed009a	1.b	0		Transfer period upper limit of synchronous transfer
$ed009b	1.b	0		bit 3=1:Parity check
				bit 2=1:Limited speed
				bit 1=1:Burst transfer
				bit 0=1:RAM BIOS
$ed009c	4.b	0		Unused
$ed00a0	8.b	0		Flags for each SCSI ID
				bit 7=1:Allow synchronous transfer
				bit 2〜0:When this value is the same as the main body ID, it does not recognize it as a drive
$ed00a8	1.l	0		Soft transfer in units of 512 KB Bits = 1
$ed00ac	1.l	0		Perform normal bus cycle in 512 KB increments (disable short bus cycle) Bit = 1
$ed00b0	80.b	0		System reservation

$ed0100	768.b	0		Start address of SRAM program
$ed0400	15KB	0		Start address of SRAMDISK
$ed3fff				End of SRAM

備考	  SRAM 初期化時 $ed0000〜$ed005a には ROM 中の初期値が書き込まれ、
	$ed005b〜$ed00101(X68030 では 〜$ed3fff)は 0 が書き込まれる.

==============================================================================

・CGROM

address  font        size      type               count  code(JIS)
$f00000  Full-width  16x16     Non-Chinese chars  752    High:$21〜$78,Low:$21〜$7e
$f05e00   〃         16x16     First level        3008   $30〜$4f
$f1d600   〃         16x16     Second level       3478   $50〜$74
$f388c0              (Unused)
$f3a000  1/4 size    8x8       ANK                256    $00〜$ff
$f3a800  Half size   8x16       〃                256     〃
$f3b800  1/4 size    12x12      〃                256     〃
$f3d000  Half size   12x24      〃                256     〃
$f40000  Full-width  24x24     Non-Chinese chars  752    High:$21〜$78,Low:$21〜$7e
$f4d380   〃         24x24     First level        3008   $30〜$4f
$f82180   〃         24x24     Second level       3478   $50〜$74
$fbf3b0  (Unused)

$xxxxxx  1/4 angle   6x12      ANK                256    $00〜$ff
        The address differs according to model according to this font. Each address is as follows.
$ffd018 X68000 series
$ffd344 X68000 XVI
$ffd45e X68000 Compact XVI
$fbf400 X68030 / X68030 Compact

==============================================================================

・interrupt

level	device	level2	vector	factor
7	NMI	---	$1f	INTERRUPT switch (auto vector)
6	MFP	15	$4f	CRTC H-SYNC(Horizontal synchronization signal)
	│	14	$4e	CRTC specified raster scan
	│	13	$4d	Timer-A(Timer with V-DISP as input)
	│	12	$4c	Receive key data
	│	11	$4b	〃	  Reception error
	│	10	$4a	〃	  Send
	│	 9	$49	〃	  sending error
	│	 8	$48	Timer-B(USART serial clock generation)
	│	 7	---	(Unused)
	│	 6	$46	CRTC V-DISP(Vertical sync signal)
	│	 5	$45	Timer-C(8bit general purpose timer)
	│	 4	$44	Timer-D(〃)
	│	 3	$43	OPM
	│	 2	$42	Body front power switch OFF detection
	│	 1	$41	External power OFF detection(Extended I / O slot)
	└	 0	$40	RTC alarm
5	SCC	---	$50-$5f	RS-232C / mouse data reception
4	---	---	---	For expansion I/O slot
3	DMAC	---	$64-$6b	DMA transfer end / error
2	---	---	---	For expansion I/O slot
1	IOC	 3	$60	FDC
	│	 3	$61	FD
	│	 1	$62	HD
	└	 0	$63	Printer(BUSY signal)

==============================================================================

・Structure of .X file header

offset	size
$00	2.b	Identifier 'HU'(0x48 0x55)
$02	1.b	Reserved (0)
$03	1.b	Load mode (0:Normal 1:Minimum block 2:High address)
$04	1.l	Base address
$08	1.l	Entry point address
$0c	1.l	Text section size
$10	1.l	Data section size
$14	1.l	Block storage section size (including .comm, .stack)
$18	1.l	Relocation table size
$1c	1.l	Symbol table size
$20	1.l	SCD line number table size
$24	1.l	SCD symbol table size
$28	1.l	SCD string table size
$2c	4.l	Reserved (0)
$3c	1.l	Position of the bound module list from the top of the file

Size: 64 ($40) bytes

The executable file is loaded in the base address and stored in a state where the relocation processing has been performed.
Therefore, if the actual load address is equal to the base address, rearrangement does not need to be performed.
If they are not equal, add the difference.
Since the value obtained by adding the base address to the execution start address is also stored, this also adds the difference.

· Relocation processing

   The relocation is performed by repeating the following procedure for the size of the relocation table.

1) Set the program start address to A and the base address to B.
2) Subtract B from A and let it be C.
3) Acquire one word from the relocation table and let it be D.
4) When D is 1, 1 longword is acquired from the relocation table and it is taken as new D.
5) When the least significant bit of D is 0 (even number), add D to A and add C to one longword from the address of A.
6) When the least significant bit of D is 1 (odd number), add D-1 to A and add C to 1 word from the address of A (word size relocation is never used normally) .

・Order of sections

1. Header ($40 bytes)
2. Text section
3. Data section
3-1. Section information ($ 40 bytes)
    The virtual file * SYSTEM * is linked to the beginning of the data section
    in the executable file created in SX mode, and section information is output.
3-2.".data"
3-3.".rdata" の実体
3-4.".rldata" の実体
3-5.Relative offset table (n * 4 bytes)
    SX mode This is output when a pointer to a relative section is used in ".rdata" and ".rldata" in the created executable file.
4. Block Storage Section
  Entities are not output.
4-1. ".bss"
4-2. ".common"
4-3. ".stack"
5. Relocation table
6. Symbol table
7. SCD table
8. If bound, repeat 1-7.
9. Bound list

  A relative section is a sort of offset definition, and except for the entities ".rdata" and ".rldata",
the area is not output to the executable file, but it is defined in the following order.

1.".rdata"
2.".rbss"
3.".rcommon"
4.".rstack"
5.".rldata"
6.".rlbss"
7.".rlcommon"
8.".rlstack"

・Bound list structure

offset	 size
$00	8.b	 File name (The file name beginning with $ e5 is $ 05, the rest is filled with space.)
$08	3.b	 Extension (fill the space with the rest)
$0b	1.b	 Attribute (%XLAD_VSHR. However, specifying something other than ASHR will naturally result in an error)
$0c	10.b The remainder of the file name of 8 bytes or more (the rest is filled with $ 00)
$16	1.w	Last Modified Time
		%mmmS_SSSS_HHHH_HMMM(H:時 Mm:分 S:秒)
$18	1.w	Last Modified Date
		%mmmD_DDDD_YYYY_YYYM(Y:年 Mm:月 D:日)
$1a	1.b	Special attribute change prohibition flag ┐ Used in BIND.X
$1b	1.b	Special attribute (%00A0_0SHR)            ┘
$1c	1.l	Offset from the beginning of the bind file

Total 32 ($20) bytes

  It is almost the same structure as the directory entry, so please be aware that the year, month, day, and hour byte of time are reversed like directory entries.
  The rest of the file is 0 bytes and the list ends. When it is 32 bytes or more, there is still continuation, otherwise it becomes abnormal structure.

・Structure of Z file header

offset	size
$00	1.w	First identifier $601a
$02	1.l	Text section size
$06	1.l	Data section size
$0a	1.l	Block storage section size (including .comm .stack)
$0e	8.b	Reservation (0)
$16	1.l	Execution start address
$1a	1.w	Second identifier $ffff

Total 28 ($1c) bytes

==============================================================================

・Disk Map

	2HD

sector
     0		IPL
 1〜 2		First FAT
 3〜 4		Second FAT (unused)
 5〜10		Root directory (6 sectors)
11〜1231	Data area

	hard disk

sector
     0		HD IPL menu program
     4		System area for management information
 5〜20		Free
21〜24		HD IPL
25〜??		First FAT
??〜??		Second FAT (unused)
??〜??		Root directory (16 sectors)
??〜??		Data area
??〜??		Out-of-control area (for alternate truck)

2HD IPL
	It is a program that starts from $2000 and searches HUMAN.SYS from the fifth record (32 heads of the root directory) of the booted drive and if it is an executable file running from $6800 in X format, load it and execute it.
	This IPL is written at the time of disk formatting.
	In the 18th to 20th bytes, the total number of sectors (from lowest to highest) and the media type are written in 21st byte.

First FAT
	  FAT (File Allocation Table) manages the connection of files on the disk, and one file is used for 1024 bytes of the file.
	  However, in the relationship that FAT is secured first, one FAT is used even for 0 byte files.
	  After that, it increments one by one in increments of 1024 bytes.
	  The first two of the FAT areas are decided by the system, three bytes of $ feffff in the case of 2HD, 3 bytes of $ f8ffff up to 4MB due to the space reserved capacity in the case of the hard disk, 4 of $ f8ffffff 5MB or more It becomes byte.
	  There are 1.5 byte FAT and 2 byte FAT in FAT, 1.5 byte FAT, 5 MB to 2 byte FAT up to 4 MB.

	1.5byteFAT	fe ff ff ML lH hm ････		Read in order of HML hml
	  2byteFAT	f8 ff ff ff AB CD ab cd ････	〃             ABCD abcd

┌─────┬──────┬─────────────┐
│1.5byteFAT│	2byteFAT  │	Contents              │
├─────┼──────┼─────────────┤
│	$000│	     $0000│Unused area	              │
│$002〜$ff6│$0002〜$fff6│Next FAT number	      │
│	$ff7│	     $fff7│Unusable cluster	      │
│$ff8〜$fff│$fff8〜$ffff│It ends with this cluster │
└─────┴──────┴─────────────┘

	FAT termination usually uses $ fff, $ ffff (otherwise it does not correspond).

Directory entry

offset	size
$00	8.b	File name (If the first character is $e5, it is a deleted file, if it is $00 it is the end of the directory, the file name starting with $e5 is $05, the rest is filled with space.
$08	3.b	Extension (fill the space with the rest)
$0b	1.b	Attributes(%XLAD_VSHR)
$0c	10.b	The remainder of the file name of 8 bytes or more (the rest is filled with $ 00)
$16	1.w	Last Modified Time
		%mmmS_SSSS_HHHH_HMMM(H:Hour Mm:Minute S:second)
$18	1.w	Last change date
		%mmmD_DDDD_YYYY_YYYM(Y:year Mm:month D:day)
$1a	1.w	First FAT number
$1c	1.l	file size

note	16〜$1c The sequence of bytes of word / longword data is little-endian.

HD IPL menu program
	A program that operates from $2000 and selects which system to start when using HD on multiple systems.
	If you are securing all areas with a single system, simply load and run the HD IPL at $2400.
	This IPL is written at the time of disk formatting.

System area for management information
	Write information when securing multiple systems on HD.
	The management information is divided into 16 blocks each of 16 bytes, the drive information is written in the first block, and the system information is written in the remaining 15 blocks.

	(1) First drive information block
	4.b	'X68K'
	1.l	Maximum record number
	1.l	Record number at the head of the substitute track
	1.l	Record number of shipping zone
	(2)Other 15 blocks
	8.b	system-name
	1.l	First record number
	1.l	Record length

	  If the most significant 8 bits of the first record is not 0, it becomes a currently invalid area.
	Data is written in FORMAT initialization.
	  Other than the first 16 bytes, rewritten by FORMAT area reservation / selection / release.

(Reference) Drive information block value
capacity	Maximum records	Substitution record	HD OFF record
10MB		$09f54		$09f54			$0af50
20MB		$139c8		$139c8			$15660
40MB		$27930		$27930			$2acc0

※There is information of $13c98 as a substitute record of 20 MB, but I have not confirmed it.

HD IPL
	  Operates from $2400 and looks for HUMAN.SYS from the first 32 of the root directory of the booted drive, and if it is an executable file running from $6800 in X format, load it and execute it.
	  However, this file must be copied to continuous sectors.

Out-of-control area (for alternate track)
	  It is not used normally, it is for replacing defective tracks.

==============================================================================

・FDC Result Status

Result status 0(ST0)
	bit  7   6   5   4   3   2   1   0
	  ┌─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┐
	  │　IC　│SE│EC│NR│HD│　US　│
	  └─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┘

	bit 7〜6  IC	Interrupt Code(割り込み要因を示す)
			%00: コマンドの正常終了 (NT: Normal Terminate)
			%01: コマンドの異常終了 (AT: abnormal Terminate)
			%10: 与えられたコマンドは無効(Invalid)であった
						(IC: Invalid Command)
			%11: デバイスに状態遷移があった
						(AI: Attention Interrupt)
	bit 5	SE	Seek End
			%0: 通常動作
			%1: SEEK/RECALIBRATE コマンド実行終了
	bit 4	EC	Equipment Check
			%0: 通常動作
			%1: ドライブから Fault 信号を受けった / RECALIBRATE
			    コマンド実行エラー(トラック 0 が見つからない)
	bit 3	NR	Not Ready
			%0: 通常動作
			%1: 指定されたドライブはレディでない
	bit 2	HD	Head Address(割り込み要求時のヘッド番号)
			%0: 表面
			%1: 裏面
	bit 1〜0  US1〜US0
			Unit Select n(割り込み要求時のドライブ番号)
			%00: ドライブ #0
			%01: 〃	  #1
			%10: 〃	  #2
			%11: 〃	  #3

Result status 1(ST1)
	bit  7   6   5   4   3   2   1   0
	  ┌─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┐
	  │EN│　│DE│OR│　│ND│NW│MA│
	  └─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┘

	bit 7	EN	End of Cylinder
			%0: 通常動作
			%1: コマンド中の EOT パラメータで与えた最終セクタを越
			    えてリード/ライトしようとした
	bit 5	DE	Data Error
			%0: 通常動作
			%1: ディスク上の ID やデータに CRC エラーを検出した
						(READ ID コマンドは除く)
	bit 4	OR	Over Run
			%0: 通常動作
			%1: データ転送時、ホストが規定時間以内に応答しなかった
	bit 2	ND	No Data
			%0: 通常動作
			%1: 指定されたセクタが見つからない
	bit 1	NW	Not Writable
			%0: 通常動作
			%1: 書き込み動作時 Write Protect 信号を受け取った
	bit 0	MA	Missing Address Mark
			%0: 通常動作
			%1: アドレスマークが見つからない

Result status 2(ST2)
	bit  7   6   5   4   3   2   1   0
	  ┌─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┐
	  │　│CM│DD│NC│SH│SN│BC│MD│
	  └─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┘

	bit 6	CM	Control Mark
			%0: READ DELETED DATA 実行時に DAM を検出した
			    通常動作
			%1: READ DATA/READ DIAGNOSTIC/SCAN 実行時に DDAM を検
			    出した
	bit 5	DD	Data Error in Data Field
			%0: 通常動作
			%1: データの CRC エラーを検出した
	bit 4	NC	No Cylinder
			%0: 通常動作
			%1: ST1 の ND ビットが %1 のとき、ID の C バイトが一致
			    せず、かつ $ff でもない
	bit 3	SH	Scan Equal Hit
			%0: 通常動作
			%1: SCAN コマンドで Equal 条件が成立した
	bit 2	SN	Scan Not Satisfied
			%0: 通常動作
			%1: SCAN コマンドで最終セクタまで条件を満足しない
	bit 1	BC	Bad Cylinder
			%0: 通常動作
			%1: ST1 の ND ビットが %1 のとき、ID の C バイトが $ff
			    である(READ DIAGNOSTIC コマンドを除く)
	bit 0	MD	Missing Address Mark in Data Field
			%0: Usual action
			%1: Data address mark not found

Result status 3 (ST3)
	bit  7   6   5   4   3   2   1   0
	  ┌─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┐
	  │FT│WP│RY│T0│TS│HD│　US　│
	  └─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┘

	bit 7	FT	Drive Fault signal status
	bit 6	WP	Drive write protect signal status
	bit 5	RY	Drive Ready signal status
	bit 4	T0	State of the Track 0 signal of the drive
	bit 3	TS	Drive's Two Side signal status
	bit 2	HD	The value of HD specified in the command phase
	bit 1〜0  US1〜US0
			Values of US1, US0 specified in command phase

※ ST3 is returned only with the SENSE DEVICE STATUS command.


==============================================================================

・System file

Title display file
	  When Human68k has a file called TITLE.SYS at startup, it displays the title according to TITLE.SYS without issuing the standard title.
	  TITLE.SYS is a file of less than $ 10044 bytes, and there are two kinds of text title and bit image title.
	  The text title is prepared for the command mode and displays the character string of the title display file.The control code and the escape sequence can also be used, but the first one byte can not be 0.
	  The bit image title is for visual use and it displays bit image data.The first byte must be 0. If the character attribute is 0, the cursor and the function key are erased.

offset	size
 0	1.b	0(fixed)
 1	1.b	Text attribute
 2	1.b	Designation of a text plane to be filled (0: there is no surface to be filled)
			1:plane 0 2:plane 1 4:plane 2 8:plane 3)
 3	1.b	Specify the text plane to display(1,2,4,8:Ibid.)
 4	1.w	Palette with text color 4 to 7
 6	1.w	〃	       8〜15 〃
 8	52.b	Specify shell(Right side of "SHELL="),0
60	1.w	Indicates the start of the X coordinate
62	1.w	〃	Y coordinate
64	1.w	Number of dots in the X direction of the bit image data
66	1.w	〃		      Ｙ〃
68	???	Bit image data

External character file
	  When there is a file called USKCG.SYS at startup, Human68k reads it as an external character file into the external character area inside the OS.
	  USKCG.SYS is a file of $ 10000 bytes or less, its creation / modification is done with USKCGM.X.
	  The full-width Kanji code may be either JIS or S-JIS, but please note that JIS Kanji code is inverted low / high.

offset	size
0	34.b	未使用
34	 1.w	漢字コード
36	16.w	フォントデータ
	 1.w	半角外字 S-JIS コード
	16.b	フォントデータ
	…
	 1.w	16x16 から 24x24 への切り換えコード($ffff)
	 1.w	漢字コード
	72.b	フォントデータ
	 1.w	半角外字 S-JIS コード
	48.b	フォントデータ

Key definition file
	  Human68k は起動時に KEY.SYS というファイルがあると、ファンクションキ
	ーのデータとして定義する.
	  KEY.SYS は 712 バイトのファイルで、KEY.X によって作成/変更する.
	  先頭が $fe で始まるキーは、$fe 以降 8 文字は表示用として使われ、9 文
	字目からが本当のキーコードとなる. 文字列は必ず 0 で終わらなければなら
	ない.

offset	size
  0	32.b*10	F0〜F9
320	32.b*10	Shift+F0〜F9
640	6.b	ROLL UP
646	6.b	ROLL DOWN
652	6.b	INS
658	6.b	DEL
664	6.b	上向きカーソルキー
670	6.b	左〃
676	6.b	右〃
682	6.b	下〃
688	6.b	CLR
694	6.b	HELP
700	6.b	HOME
706	6.b	UNDO

Beep sound file
	  Human68k は CONFIG.SYS で "BELL = BEEP.SYS" と指定すると、BEEP.SYS
	を ADPCM のデータファイルとして、OS 内に読み込む.
	  データはサンプリング周波数 15.6KHz で $ffff バイト以内の、ADPCM から
	読み込んだもの.

==============================================================================

・ASCII control code

$00	NUL	blank		    :Null
$01	SOH	Heading started	TC 1:Start of Heading
$02	STX	Start of text	TC 2:Start of Text
$03	ETX	End of text	TC 3:End of Text
$04	EOT	Transmission end	TC 4:End of Transmission
$05	ENQ	Inquiry		TC 5:Enquiry
$06	ACK	Acknowledgment	TC 6:Acknowledge
$07	BEL	Warning bell	    :Bell
$08	BS	Retreat		FE 0:Back Space
$09	HT	Horizontal tab	FE 1:Horizontal Tabulation
$0a	LF	new line	FE 2:Line Feed
$0b	VT	垂直タブ	FE 3:Vertical   Tabulation
$0c	FF	書式送り	FE 4:From Feed
$0d	CR	復帰		FE 5:Carriage Return
$0e	SO	シフトアウト	    :Shift Out
$0f	SI	シフトイン	    :Shift In
$10	DLE	伝送制御拡張	TC 7:Data Link Escape
$11	DC1	装置制御 1	DC 1:Device Control 1
$12	DC2	装置制御 2	DC 2:〃		    2
$13	DC3	装置制御 3	DC 3:〃		    3
$14	DC4	装置制御 4	DC 4:〃		    4
$15	NAK	否定応答	TC 8:Negative Acknowledge
$16	SYN	同期信号	TC 9:Synchronous idle
$17	ETB	伝送ﾌﾞﾛｯｸ終結	TC10:End of Transmission Bock
$18	CAN	取り消し	    :Cancel
$19	EM	媒体終端	    :End of Medium
$1a	SUB	置換キャラクタ	    :Substitute Character
$1b	ESC	拡張		    :Escape
$1c	FS(→)	ﾌｧｲﾙ  分離ｷｬﾗｸﾀ	IS 4:File Separator
$1d	GS(←)	ｸﾞﾙ-ﾌﾟ分離ｷｬﾗｸﾀ	IS 3:Group	〃
$1e	RS(↑)	ﾚｺ-ﾄﾞ 分離ｷｬﾗｸﾀ	IS 2:Record	〃
$1f	US(↓)	ﾕﾆｯﾄ  分離ｷｬﾗｸﾀ	IS 1:Unit	〃
$20	SPC	間隔		    :Space
$7f	DEL	削除		    :Delete

TC = Transmission control character		Transmission Control Characters
FE = Format control character		Format Effectors
DC = Device control character		Device Control Characters
IS = Information separation character		Infomation Separators

・Valid ASCII control code in IOCS

$07	BEL	Ring the bell
$08	BS	Move one character to the left
$09	HT	Move to the next tab position
			(Move to the first digit on the right by one row below the maximum tab position)
$0a	LF	Move down one line (one line is moved up by the last line)
$0b	VT	Move one line upward (invalid at the first row)
$0c	FF	Move one character right
$0d	CR	Move to the left
$1a	SUB	Move to the left end of the first line after deleting the screen
$1b	ESC	Start of escape sequence
$1e	RS	Move to the left edge of the first line

==============================================================================

・Escape sequence

［pl；pcＨ	移動(pl=0 または省略時 pl=1、pl>最終行の時 pl=最終行)
		    (pc=0 または省略時 pc=1、pc>最終桁の時 pc=最終桁)
［pl；pcｆ	同上
＝lc		同上(l,c は行・桁位置に $20 を加算した文字で、省略不可)
［pnＡ		pn   行上に移動(pn=0 または省略時 pn=1)
［pnＢ		pn   行下〃
［pnＣ		pn 文字右〃
［pnＤ		pn 文字左〃
［０Ｊ		カーソル位置から最終行最終桁まで消去(0 は省略可能)
［１Ｊ		先頭行左端からカーソル位置まで消去
［２Ｊ		画面消去後先頭行左端に移動
＊		同上
［０Ｋ		カーソル位置から最終桁まで消去(0 は省略可能)
［１Ｋ		左端からカーソル位置まで消去
［２Ｋ		カーソル行消去
［pnＭ		カーソル行から下に pn 行削除(pn=0 または省略時 pn=1)
		削除した行より後の行が繰り上がり、繰り上がった行の先頭行左端に
		移動する
［pnＬ		カーソル行から下に pn 行空行を挿入(pn=0 または省略時 pn=1)
		カーソル行より下の行が繰り下がり、挿入された行の先頭行左端に移
		動する
Ｄ		1 行下      に移動(最終行で 1 行繰り上がる)
Ｅ		1 行下の左端〃
Ｍ		1 行上に移動(先頭行で 1 行繰り下がる)
［ｓ		カーソル位置と文字表示属性を保存する
［ｕ		保存したカーソル位置と文字表示属性に戻す
［６ｎ		実行後コンソール入力の度にカーソル位置を ESC[pl;pcR の形で通知
［＞５ｌ	カーソルを表示する
［＞５ｈ	カーソルを消去する
［＞１ｌ	ファンクションキー行を消去・解放し、先頭行左端に移動
［＞１ｈ	〃		      表示・占有し、〃
［psｍ		文字表示属性を設定する
				(ps は ; で区切って複数指定可能、省略時 ps=0)
		ps	機能
		0	初期設定に戻す
		1	強調トグル(30〜33,40〜43 と 34〜37,44〜47 を交互に変更)
		7	逆転トグル(30〜33,34〜37 と 40〜43,44〜47	〃    )
		30〜33	黒,水色,黄色,白
		34〜37	〃		    強調
		40〜43	〃		逆転
		44〜47	〃		逆転強調

追加: ROM IOCS version 1.3 / IOCS.X・HIOCS.X
［？４ｈ	スムーススクロールにする
［？４ｌ	ジャンプ〃
［pnＰ		カーソル位置から pn 文字削除
［pnＸ		カーソル位置から pn 文字属性オフにして消去
［pn＠		カーソル位置に pn 個の空白文字を属性オフの状態で挿入

追加: Console Driver Type-D
０		バックスクロールバッファへの取り込みを中断する
１		〃				      再開する

追加: condrv(em).sys + HIOCS PLUS
０		バックスクロールバッファへの取り込みを中断する
１		〃				      再開する
２		システムステータスの表示を禁止する
３		〃			  許可する

注意	カーソル移動シーケンスで、移動できない位置を指定した場合は移動しない.

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