Validate code_size against compute_code_size in RaBitQ flat deserialization

[AlexMelanFromRingo]

Summary

The flat RaBitQ readers (fourcc("Ixrq") / fourcc("Ixrr") in read_index, faiss/impl/index_read.cpp) take rabitq.code_size straight from the file and use it as the per-vector stride, without checking it against compute_code_size(d, nb_bits). The IVF RaBitQ readers (Iwrq/Iwrr) already recompute code_size after reading (ivrq->rabitq.code_size = ivrq->rabitq.compute_code_size(...)), so only the flat readers trust the stored value.

RaBitQuantizer::decode_core strides by code_size but locates the per-code factor block at offset (d + 7) / 8, derived from d rather than code_size. A file with a too-small code_size therefore makes search() / sa_decode() read the factor block past the end of the codes buffer.

This is independent of the codes.size() == ntotal * code_size buffer-length check (added for these arms in #5293): a codes buffer sized to ntotal * (forged code_size) satisfies that check yet still overruns, because the factor read within the final code slot extends past the buffer end.

Reproduce (heap OOB under AddressSanitizer, public API only)

A self-contained program that builds a crafted Ixrq payload (d=8, forged code_size=1 vs real 9, codes buffer = ntotal bytes so the codes.size() check passes), then read_index + sa_decode:

read_index SUCCEEDED. loaded code_size=1, codes.size()=64
calling sa_decode ...
==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: heap-buffer-overflow
READ of size 4 at 0x... 0 bytes after 64-byte region
  #0 faiss::RaBitQuantizer::decode_core(...)      faiss/impl/RaBitQuantizer.cpp:219
  #1 faiss::IndexRaBitQ::sa_decode(...)           faiss/IndexRaBitQ.cpp:61
0x...120 is located 0 bytes after 64-byte region
  allocated by read_index_up                      faiss/impl/index_read.cpp (codes buffer)

With this patch, read_index rejects the file up front:

FaissException: IndexRaBitQ code_size mismatch: stored 1 vs derived 9
  at validate_code_size_match  faiss/impl/index_read.cpp

Fix

Validate the stored code_size against compute_code_size(d, nb_bits) in both flat arms, using the existing validate_code_size_match helper (this is the scalar stored-vs-derived case that helper is for).

Also add RaBitQCodeSizeFieldMismatch_Ixrq / _Ixrr regression tests, and fix the push_rabitq / push_rabitq_multibit test helpers to emit a valid code_size — they previously wrote a placeholder that only passed because the reader did not validate it.

Validated locally: new tests pass with the change and fail without it; the full ReadIndexDeserialize suite passes; and the ASAN reproduction above is rejected instead of overrunning.

Related to #5293 (same flat readers, complementary buffer-length check). The two are independent: #5293 bounds codes.size(); this PR fixes code_size itself, which #5293 alone does not cover.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

[meta-codesync]

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