XProf (+ Tensorboard Profiler Plugin)

XProf offers a number of tools to analyse and visualize the performance of your model across multiple devices. Some of the tools include:

• Overview: A high-level overview of the performance of your model. This is an aggregated overview for your host and all devices. It includes:
  • Performance summary and breakdown of step times.
  • A graph of individual step times.
  • High level details of the run environment.
• Trace Viewer: Displays a timeline of the execution of your model that shows:
  • The duration of each op.
  • Which part of the system (host or device) executed an op.
  • The communication between devices.
• Memory Profile Viewer: Monitors the memory usage of your model.
• Graph Viewer: A visualization of the graph structure of HLOs of your model.

To learn more about the various XProf tools, check out the XProf documentation

Demo

First time user? Come and check out this Colab Demo.

Quick Start

Prerequisites

• xprof >= 2.20.0
• (optional) TensorBoard >= 2.20.0

Note: XProf requires access to the Internet to load the Google Chart library. Some charts and tables may be missing if you run XProf entirely offline on your local machine, behind a corporate firewall, or in a datacenter.

If you use Google Cloud to run your workloads, we recommend the xprofiler tool. It provides a streamlined profile collection and viewing experience using VMs running XProf.

Installation

To get the most recent release version of XProf, install it via pip:

$ pip install xprof

Running XProf

XProf can be launched as a standalone server or used as a plugin within TensorBoard. For large-scale use, it can be deployed in a distributed mode with separate aggregator and worker instances (more details on it later in the doc).

Command-Line Arguments

When launching XProf from the command line, you can use the following arguments:

• logdir (optional): The directory containing XProf profile data (files ending in .xplane.pb). This can be provided as a positional argument or with -l or --logdir. If provided, XProf will load and display profiles from this directory. If omitted, XProf will start without loading any profiles, and you can dynamically load profiles using session_path or run_path URL parameters, as described in the Log Directory Structure section.
• -p <port>, --port <port>: The port for the XProf web server. Defaults to 8791.
• -gp <grpc_port>, --grpc_port <grpc_port>: The port for the gRPC server used for distributed processing. Defaults to 50051. This must be different from --port.
• -wsa <addresses>, --worker_service_address <addresses>: A comma-separated list of worker addresses (e.g., host1:50051,host2:50051) for distributed processing. Defaults to to 0.0.0.0:<grpc_port>.
• -hcpb, --hide_capture_profile_button: If set, hides the 'Capture Profile' button in the UI.

Standalone

If you have profile data in a directory (e.g., profiler/demo), you can view it by running:

$ xprof profiler/demo --port=6006

Or with the optional flag:

$ xprof --logdir=profiler/demo --port=6006

With TensorBoard

If you have TensorBoard installed, you can run:

$ tensorboard --logdir=profiler/demo

If you are behind a corporate firewall, you may need to include the --bind_all tensorboard flag.

Go to localhost:6006/#profile of your browser, you should now see the demo overview page show up. Congratulations! You're now ready to capture a profile.

Log Directory Structure

When using XProf, profile data must be placed in a specific directory structure. XProf expects .xplane.pb files to be in the following path:

<log_dir>/plugins/profile/<session_name>/

• <log_dir>: This is the root directory that you supply to tensorboard --logdir.
• plugins/profile/: This is a required subdirectory.
• <session_name>/: Each subdirectory inside plugins/profile/ represents a single profiling session. The name of this directory will appear in the TensorBoard UI dropdown to select the session.

Example:

If your log directory is structured like this:

/path/to/your/log_dir/
└── plugins/
    └── profile/
        ├── my_experiment_run_1/
        │   └── host0.xplane.pb
        └── benchmark_20251107/
            └── host1.xplane.pb

You would launch TensorBoard with:

tensorboard --logdir /path/to/your/log_dir/

The runs my_experiment_run_1 and benchmark_20251107 will be available in the "Sessions" tab of the UI.

You can also dynamically load sessions from a GCS bucket or local filesystem by passing URL parameters when loading XProf in your browser. This method works whether or not you provided a logdir at startup and is useful for viewing profiles from various locations without restarting XProf.

For example, if you start XProf with no log directory:

xprof

You can load sessions using the following URL parameters.

Assume you have profile data stored on GCS or locally, structured like this:

gs://your-bucket/profile_runs/
├── my_experiment_run_1/
│   ├── host0.xplane.pb
│   └── host1.xplane.pb
└── benchmark_20251107/
    └── host0.xplane.pb

There are two URL parameters you can use:

• session_path: Use this to load a single session directly. The path should point to a directory containing .xplane.pb files for one session.

  • GCS Example: http://localhost:8791/?session_path=gs://your-bucket/profile_runs/my_experiment_run_1
  • Local Path Example: http://localhost:8791/?session_path=/path/to/profile_runs/my_experiment_run_1
  • Result: XProf will load the my_experiment_run_1 session, and you will see its data in the UI.

• run_path: Use this to point to a directory that contains multiple session directories.

  • GCS Example: http://localhost:8791/?run_path=gs://your-bucket/profile_runs/
  • Local Path Example: http://localhost:8791/?run_path=/path/to/profile_runs/
  • Result: XProf will list all session directories found under run_path (i.e., my_experiment_run_1 and benchmark_20251107) in the "Sessions" dropdown in the UI, allowing you to switch between them.

Loading Precedence

If multiple sources are provided, XProf uses the following order of precedence to determine which profiles to load:

1. session_path URL parameter
2. run_path URL parameter
3. logdir command-line argument

Distributed Profiling

XProf supports distributed profile processing by using an aggregator that distributes work to multiple XProf workers. This is useful for processing large profiles or handling multiple users.

Note: Currently, distributed processing only benefits the following tools: overview_page, framework_op_stats, input_pipeline, and pod_viewer.

Note: The ports used in these examples (6006 for the aggregator HTTP server, 9999 for the worker HTTP server, and 50051 for the worker gRPC server) are suggestions and can be customized.

Worker Node

Each worker node should run XProf with a gRPC port exposed so it can receive processing requests. You should also hide the capture button as workers are not meant to be interacted with directly.

$ xprof --grpc_port=50051 --port=9999 --hide_capture_profile_button

Aggregator Node

The aggregator node runs XProf with the --worker_service_address flag pointing to all available workers. Users will interact with aggregator node's UI.

$ xprof --worker_service_address=<worker1_ip>:50051,<worker2_ip>:50051 --port=6006 --logdir=profiler/demo

Replace <worker1_ip>, <worker2_ip> with the addresses of your worker machines. Requests sent to the aggregator on port 6006 will be distributed among the workers for processing.

For deploying a distributed XProf setup in a Kubernetes environment, see Kubernetes Deployment Guide.

Nightlies

Every night, a nightly version of the package is released under the name of xprof-nightly. This package contains the latest changes made by the XProf developers.

To install the nightly version of profiler:

$ pip uninstall xprof tensorboard-plugin-profile
$ pip install xprof-nightly

Next Steps

• JAX Profiling Guide
• PyTorch/XLA Profiling Guide
• TensorFlow Profiling Guide
• Cloud TPU Profiling Guide
• Colab Tutorial
• Tensorflow Colab