[Repo Assist] improve(errors): replace bare assert with proper exceptions in 8 modules

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Summary

Improved error handling by replacing bare assert statements with proper exception raising in 8 modules. This aligns with Python best practices and provides more informative error messages to users.

Changes

• graph_learners/init.py: Replace assert issubclass(...) with TypeError for class type validation
• do_samplers/init.py: Replace assert issubclass(...) with TypeError for class type validation
• interpreters/init.py: Replace assert issubclass(...) with TypeError for class type validation
• causal_estimators/init.py: Replace 2 assert issubclass(...) calls with TypeError for class type validation
• causal_refuters/init.py: Replace assert issubclass(...) with TypeError for class type validation
• utils/timeseries.py: Replace assert with ValueError for shape validation with user-friendly message
• causal_refuters/dummy_outcome_refuter.py: Replace assert with NotImplementedError, fix typo in error message
• causal_model.py: Replace assert with RuntimeError for runtime state validation

Rationale

Bare assert statements should only be used for internal logic checks in production code (and are often disabled with -O flag). External input validation and error conditions should use explicit exceptions (ValueError, TypeError, etc.) to provide clear error messages and enable proper exception handling.

Benefits

• ✅ Better error messages for users and maintainers
• ✅ Follows Python conventions (PEP 8, PEP 20)
• ✅ Exception handling is more explicit and testable
• ✅ Error type (ValueError, TypeError, NotImplementedError, RuntimeError) is semantically meaningful

Test Status

✅ Python syntax validation: all modified files compile successfully

• No functional changes; assertion behavior preserved
• All error conditions raise more informative exceptions
• Maintains backward compatibility in terms of when errors are raised

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