Move more pandas unit tests that test private APIs

[mroeschke]

Description

Aside from the interval tests, I used this prompt to surface these tests

Towards #18659

Removes 154 failing unit tests

Cursor prompt

I want to know if a pytest node ids in the NODEIDS_THAT_FAIL_WITH_CUDF_PANDAS variable in the @conftest-patch.py file tests a private API. A private API is functionality not listed on pandas API reference https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/reference/index.html. A private API can be tested if the assert keyword or functions from the pandas.testing module are used with the private API.

The pandas tests can be found in the /pandas-testing/pandas-tests/tests directory. Only report if the node id in NODEIDS_THAT_FAIL_WITH_CUDF_PANDAS tests a private API. Report finding one subdirectory at a time.

Checklist

• I am familiar with the Contributing Guidelines.
• New or existing tests cover these changes.
• The documentation is up to date with these changes.

[Matt711]

There aren't that many unique tests. Can you do manual check to see how cursor did if you haven't already?

[mroeschke]

There aren't that many unique tests. Can you do manual check to see how cursor did if you haven't already?

Sorry I should have mentioned that I stopped Cursor once it got to the tests/extension directory (I feel like it was starting to lose the original context when moving onto the next directory). I double checked Cursor's results and had to exclude some of its suggestions.