:chore: replace panics with proper error handling in WASM bindings

[wryonik]

Description

Remove all panic!(), unwrap(), and expect() calls from WASM bindings and functions called by them. Errors are now properly caught and converted to rejected Promises with descriptive messages instead of causing crashes.

Type of change

• Refactor
• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• This change requires a documentation update

How Has This Been Tested?

NA

Checklist:

• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have performed a self-review of my own code
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
• My changes generate no new warnings
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
• New and existing unit tests pass locally with my changes
• Any dependent changes have been merged and published in downstream modules

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✨ Finishing touches

🧪 Generate unit tests (beta)

• Create PR with unit tests
• Post copyable unit tests in a comment
• Commit unit tests in branch shubham/reg-65-handle-all-wasm-panics

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